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Utopia de Thomas More

Utopia

Autor Thomas More
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 31 oct 2018

Recomandăm această ediție revizuită a lucrării Utopia ca referință fundamentală pentru studiile de licență în filozofie politică și istoria ideilor. Scrisă în limba latină în 1516, opera lui Thomas More rămâne textul care a dat numele unui întreg gen literar și filozofic, propunând o viziune radicală despre o societate fără proprietate privată și fără bani. Ediția de față se distinge prin modernizarea traducerii clasice realizate de G.C. Richards, oferind un text accesibil ce păstrează rigoarea și spiritul satiric al originalului.

Subliniem structura complexă a volumului, care depășește simpla narațiune a călătorului Raphael Hythloday. Textul este încadrat de un aparat critic valoros ce include corespondența lui More cu Erasmus și referințe la Republica lui Plato, facilitând înțelegerea contextului umanist în care a fost zămislită opera. Cititorii familiarizați cu Thomas More's Utopia de Lawrence Wilde vor aprecia în acest volum materialele auxiliare, precum secțiunile despre limba utopică și scrisorile către contemporani, care oferă o perspectivă directă asupra procesului de creație.

În contextul celorlalte scrieri ale autorului, precum Three Early Modern Utopias, acest volum evidențiază tranziția de la critica socială acerbă la construcția unui model teoretic de „commonwealth”. Progresia de la dialogul filosofic la descrierea detaliată a instituțiilor utopice — de la sistemul de rotație a locuințelor la organizarea muncii de șase ore pe zi — oferă o analiză profundă a tensiunii dintre interesul individual și cel colectiv.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781731702593
ISBN-10: 1731702590
Pagini: 94
Dimensiuni: 157 x 235 x 10 mm
Greutate: 0.3 kg
Editura: Simon & Brown

De ce să citești această carte

Această ediție este esențială pentru studenții și cercetătorii care doresc să exploreze rădăcinile gândirii politice moderne. Cititorul câștigă nu doar acces la un text clasic tradus modern, ci și un context istoric bogat prin scrisorile și notele incluse. Este o oportunitate de a înțelege cum o critică din secolul al XVI-lea asupra inegalității rămâne relevantă în dezbaterile contemporane despre dreptate socială.

Despre autor

Thomas More (1478-1535) a fost un om de stat englez, avocat și umanist de prim rang al Renașterii. Educat la Oxford și format în casa Cardinalului Morton, More a legat prietenii strânse cu mari gânditori precum Erasmus. A servit ca Lord Cancelar sub regele Henric al VIII-lea, însă integritatea sa morală și refuzul de a recunoaște supremația regelui asupra Bisericii au dus la execuția sa. Canonizat ulterior, More rămâne o figură centrală a istoriei intelectuale, Utopia fiind moștenirea sa cea mai influentă, o lucrare care îmbină erudiția clasică cu o viziune socială revoluționară.

Descriere

Descriere de la o altă ediție sau format:
In Thomas More's hugely influential Utopia, a traveller recounts his discovery of an island nation in which the inhabitants enjoy unprecedented social cohesion and justice. The book imagines a community in which laws, personal relations and professional ambition are based on reason, in contrast with the tradition-bound superstitions of Europe, which were, in More's eyes, impediments to equality and peaceful coexistence.

One of the indicators of the profound cultural and political influence of More's masterpiece is today's common use of the word "Utopia" - a term he invented. This extraordinary treatise on the values of rationality and reason - here presented in a sparkling new translation by Roger Clarke and accompanied by copious notes and additional texts - questions what a philosopher can do to enact change in society, and how idealized visions can inform political practice.

A sparkling new translation by Roger Clarke of one of the most influential philosophical works of all time, which renders the original Latin into an English that is clear, readable and true to the spirit of Thomas More's writing.

Accompanied by: Biographical notes on contemporary figures and an index explaining More's Utopian vocabulary; a map of the island of Utopia; correspondence relevant to the text (as well as letters of endorsement and even celebratory verses), written by numerous prominent sixteenth-century European humanists. These letters - presented chronologically and translated from Latin - work in conjunction with the detailed notes on Thomas More's life, the genesis of Utopia and information about the verse metres employed to offer a unique and fascinating insight into the composition and publication of Utopia, which no student of the text should be without. Moreover, they offer a glimpse not only into the character of More, Erasmus and other members of their circle, but also into the world in which they inhabited.

Our edition, therefore, offers unprecedented background detail for an accessible mass-market edition.

Textul de pe ultima copertă

First published in Latin in 1516, Utopia was the work of Sir Thomas More (1477 1535), the brilliant humanist, scholar, and churchman executed by Henry VIII for his refusal to accept the king as the supreme head of the Church of England.
In this work, which gave its name to the whole genre of books and movements hypothesizing an ideal society, More envisioned a patriarchal island kingdom that practiced religious tolerance, in which everybody worked, no one has more than his fellows, all goods were community-owned, and violence, bloodshed, and vice nonexistent. Based to some extent on the writings of Plato and other earlier authors, Utopia nevertheless contained much that was original with More.
In this inexpensive edition, readers can study for themselves the essentials of More's utopian vision and how, although the ideal society he envisioned is still unrealized, at least some of his proposals have come to pass in today's world.
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Descriere scurtă

Extract: Description of Utopia The basis of utopian organization is strict equality between beings. To ensure this equality, there is neither property nor money. This is the central point on which the debate begins with Thomas More (himself a personage of the work) who at first seems skeptical about this idea, which he believes would encourage laziness. It is then that the traveler Raphael describes the whole organization of Utopia: everyone is lent a house for 10 years. All are farmers for 2 years (or more if they wish), and work 6 hours a day. There are no idlers (no "nobles" for example). All have the same clothes. They eat their meals together. Free time is spent on recreation such as chess or learning beautiful letters. There are free classes for adults, the culture must be accessible to all. The Utopians are not superstitious, there is no form of divination or augury. Gambling is forbidden, non-existent luxury. Hunting is forbidden, except for butchers (who are slaves), out of necessity, so it is not an amusement. Gold and silver (material) do not matter. A system of equalization between the cities helps the poorest. It is only by such a system that we can truly care about the general interest when the fortune of the State is well distributed. There are no poor in Utopia. On the contrary, in the other forms of organization, each must always think of himself, and there is a "conspiracy of the rich," who make the laws, and who succeed by these laws in maintaining their domination and exploiting the poor. They want to remain superior and rejoice in comparing themselves to the poor, lower than themselves. "Pride does not measure happiness on personal well-being, but on the extent of the pains of others. ..".. INTRODUCTION Sir Thomas More, son of Sir John More, a justice of the King's Bench, was born in 1478, in Milk Street, in the city of London. After his earlier education at St. Anthony's School, in Threadneedle Street, he was placed, as a boy, in the household of Cardinal John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor. It was not unusual for persons of wealth or influence and sons of good families to be so established together in a relation of patron and client. The youth wore his patron's livery, and added to his state. The patron used, afterwards, his wealth or influence in helping his young client forward in the world. Cardinal Morton had been in earlier days that Bishop of Ely whom Richard III. sent to the Tower; was busy afterwards in hostility to Richard; and was a chief adviser of Henry VII., who in 1486 made him Archbishop of Canterbury, and nine months afterwards Lord Chancellor. Cardinal Morton-of talk at whose table there are recollections in "Utopia"-delighted in the quick wit of young Thomas More. He once said, "Whoever shall live to try it, shall see this child here waiting at table prove a notable and rare man." At the age of about nineteen, Thomas More was sent to Canterbury College, Oxford, by his patron, where he learnt Greek of the first men who brought Greek studies from Italy to England-William Grocyn and Thomas Linacre. Linacre, a physician, who afterwards took orders, was also the founder of the College of Physicians. In 1499, More left Oxford to study law in London, at Lincoln's Inn, and in the next year Archbishop Morton died.........

Notă biografică

Saint Thomas More, 1478ߝ1535, English statesman and author of Utopia, celebrated as a martyr in the Roman Catholic Church. He received a Latin education in the household of Cardinal Morton and at Oxford. Through his contact with the new learning and his friendships with Colet, Lyly, and Erasmus, More became an ardent humanist. As a successful London lawyer, he attracted the attention of Henry VIII, served him on diplomatic missions, entered the king’s service in 1518, and was knighted in 1521. More held important government offices and, despite his disapproval of Henry’s divorce from Katharine of Aragón, he was made lord chancellor at the fall of Wolsey (1529). He resigned in 1532 because of ill health and probably because of increasing disagreement with Henry’s policies. Because of his refusal to subscribe to the Act of Supremacy, which impugned the pope’s authority and made Henry the head of the English Church, he was imprisoned (1534) in the Tower and finally beheaded on a charge of treason.
A man of noble character and deep, resolute religious conviction, More had great personal charm, unfailing good humor, piercing wit, and a fearlessness that enabled him to jest even on the scaffold. His Utopia (published in Latin, 1516; tr. 1551) is a picture of an ideal state founded entirely on reason. Among his other works in Latin and English are a translation of The Life of John Picus, Earl of Mirandula (1510); a History of Richard III, upon which Shakespeare based his play; a number of polemical tracts against the Lutherans (1528ߝ33); devotional works including A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation (1534) and a Treatise on the Passion (1534); poems; meditations; and prayers. More was beatified (1886) by a decree of Pope Leo XIII, canonized (1935) by Pius XI, and proclaimed (2000) the patron saint of politicians by John Paul II.

Recenzii

In addition to its elegant and precise translation of Utopia, this edition offers the prefatory material and postscripts from the 1518 edition, and More's letter to Giles form the 1517 edition. Mr. Wootton has also added Erasmus's 'The Sileni of Alcibiades,' which is crucial for the interpretation he gives in his Introduction of the many ambiguities and contradictions in More's text as well as his life. The Introduction is a most valuable guide for understanding this man who was a proponent of toleration and a persecutor of heretics, a courtier full of worldly ambition ending as a fearless martyr. The contradictions of the man translated into a complicated and contradictory historiography to which Mr. Wootton's Introduction is a most intelligent guide. A welcome addition to the More literature. -J. W. Smit, Professor of History, Columbia University

Every serious reader of Utopia, friends and foes alike of Thomas More, will be enlightened by Wootton's essay. Combining it with his translations of More and Erasmus works well. This is a delightfully fine piece of scholarship, even down to the notes on the illustrations. --Donald J. Millus, Sixteenth Century Journal

Like his Introduction, which says much, both directly and indirectly, about the complexity of More's language and mentality, David Wootton's translation of the Utopia is a thoughtful and careful one. Wootton has been particularly scrupulous in his handling of marginal annotations. . . notes are economical but helpful. Students interested in 16th century humanism and/or developments in early modern Europe will find this edition especially appealing, as will everyone interested in interpretations of More's Utopia, here fruitfully juxtaposed with Erasmus’ philosophy and perspective on the world as these are represented by his adage on ‘The Sileni of Alcibiades.' --Elizabeth McCutcheon, Utopian Studies

Cuprins

Introduction
A Note on the Text
Utopia
In Context
Illustration of Utopia
Utopian Language
Poems in the Utopian Tongue
From Thomas More’s Correspondence

  1. from Letter to Erasmus (3 September, 1516)
  2. from Letter to Erasmus (c. 20 September, 1516)
  3. Letter to Erasmus (31 October, 1516)
  4. from Letter to Cuthbert Tunstall (c. November, 1516)
  5. from Letter to William Warham (January, 1517)
From Thomas More, A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation (1534)
From Erasmus, Letter to Ulrich von Hutten (23 July, 1519)
From Plato, Republic (c. 380 BCE)

  1. from Book 3
  2. from Book 4
From Lucian, Saturnalian Letters
From Acts of the Apostles, 4.32–5.11