The three-volume set LNCS 8673, 8674, and 8675 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2014, held in Boston, MA, USA, in September 2014. Based on rigorous peer reviews, the program committee carefully selected 253 revised papers from 862 submissions for presentation in three volumes. The 100 papers included in the second volume have been organized in the following topical sections: biophysical modeling and simulation; atlas-based transfer of boundary conditions for biomechanical simulation; temporal and motion modeling; computer-aided diagnosis; pediatric imaging; endoscopy; ultrasound imaging; machine learning; cardiovascular imaging; intervention planning and guidance; and brain.