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An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding de David Hume

An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding

Autor David Hume
en Limba Engleză Paperback

Structura acestui volum din seria Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy este riguros concepută pentru a facilita accesul cercetătorilor și studenților la una dintre cele mai influente scrieri ale iluminismului scoțian. Metodologia editorială adoptată de Stephen Buckle se bazează pe utilizarea versiunii din 1772 a textului, considerată ediția definitivă, pe care o completează cu un aparat critic extensiv și o introducere ce plasează empirismul lui Hume în contextul său istoric și filosofic precis. Notăm cu interes includerea unor scrieri adiționale ale lui Hume, care funcționează ca un instrument de navigație pentru înțelegerea procesului de compoziție și a evoluției argumentelor despre limitele intelectului. Putem afirma că acest volum reprezintă o rafinare a preocupărilor academice ale lui Stephen Buckle, acesta publicând anterior Hume's Enlightenment Tract, o lucrare ce încerca să scoată An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding din umbra celebrului „Tratat asupra naturii umane”. În acest context, ediția de față nu este doar o simplă republicare, ci o sinteză a cercetărilor sale asupra legii naturale și a ordinii sociale, teme explorate și în Natural Law and the Theory of Property. Cititorii familiarizați cu Reading Hume on Human Understanding de Peter Millican vor aprecia modul în care acest volum aduce nou o perspectivă integrată: nu se limitează la eseuri critice, ci oferă textul primar flancat de documente care îi explică geneza. Spre deosebire de abordarea din Hume's Enquiry (Expanded and Explained), care utilizează comentarii intercalate în text, ediția Cambridge menține integritatea prozei lui Hume, oferind clarificări prin adnotări discrete și o introducere solidă, fiind ideală pentru un studiu academic aprofundat asupra scepticismului moderat și a cauzalității.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781533224705
ISBN-10: 1533224706
Pagini: 204
Dimensiuni: 152 x 229 x 11 mm
Greutate: 0.28 kg

De ce să citești această carte

Această ediție este esențială pentru oricine studiază epistemologia sau istoria filosofiei moderne. Cititorul câștigă o înțelegere clară a modului în care Hume a redefinit limitele cunoașterii umane, beneficiind de un text bazat pe ediția definitivă din 1772. Este un instrument de lucru superior datorită selecției de scrieri conexe care clarifică intențiile autorului, fiind mult mai mult decât o simplă reeditare a unui text clasic.

Despre autor

Stephen Buckle este lector principal în filosofie la Universitatea Catolică Australiană. Expert recunoscut în gândirea secolului al XVIII-lea, Buckle s-a specializat în studiul empirismului britanic și al teoriilor legii naturale. Opera sa include studii de referință precum Hume's Enlightenment Tract și Natural Law and the Theory of Property. Expertiza sa în analiza textelor lui David Hume este dublată de un interes pentru etica aplicată, fiind implicat în dezbateri privind bioetica și experimentarea pe embrioni, ceea ce îi oferă o perspectivă interdisciplinară asupra limitelor rațiunii umane.

Descriere scurtă

An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding is a book by the Scottish empiricist philosopher David Hume, published in English in 1748. It was a revision of an earlier effort, Hume's A Treatise of Human Nature, published anonymously in London in 1739-40. Hume was disappointed with the reception of the Treatise, which "fell dead-born from the press," as he put it, and so tried again to disseminate his more developed ideas to the public by writing a shorter and more polemical work. The end product of his labours was the Enquiry. The Enquiry dispensed with much of the material from the Treatise, in favor of clarifying and emphasizing its most important aspects. For example, Hume's views on personal identity do not appear. However, more vital propositions, such as Hume's argument for the role of habit in a theory of knowledge, are retained. This book has proven highly influential, both in the years that would immediately follow and today. Immanuel Kant points to it as the book which woke him from his self-described "dogmatic slumber". The Enquiry is widely regarded as a classic in modern philosophical literature.

Descriere

Descriere de la o altă ediție sau format:
Oxford Philosophical Texts Series Editor: John Cottingham The Oxford Philosophical Texts series consists of authoritative teaching editions of canonical texts in the history of philosophy from the ancient world down to modern times. Each volume provides a clear, well laid out text together with a comprehensive introduction by a leading specialist, giving the student detailed critical guidance on the intellectual context of the work and the structure and philosophical importance of the main arguments. Endnotes are supplied which provide further commentary on the arguments and explain unfamiliar references and terminology, and a full bibliography and index are also included. The series aims to build up a definitive corpus of key texts in the Western philosophical tradition, which will form a reliable and enduring resource for students and teachers alike. David Hume's aim in writing An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding (1748) was to introduce his philosophy to a European culture in which many educated people read original works of philosophy. He gives an elegant and accessible presentation of strikingly original and challenging views about the limited powers of human understanding, the attractions of scepticism, the compatibility of free will and determinism, and weaknesses in the foundations of religion. Hume's philosophy was highly controversial in the eighteenth century and remains so today.The text printed in this edition is that of the Clarendon critical edition of Hume's works. A substantial introduction by the editor explains the intellectual background to the work and surveys its main themes. The volume also includes detailed explanatory notes on the text, a glossary of terms, a full list of references, and a section of supplementary readings.

Notă biografică

David Hume (/hjüm/; born David Home; 7 May 1711 NS (26 April 1711 OS) - 25 August 1776)[9] was a Scottish Enlightenment philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist, who is best known today for his highly influential system of philosophical empiricism, scepticism, and naturalism.[1] Beginning with A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-40), Hume strove to create a naturalistic science of man that examined the psychological basis of human nature. Hume argued against the existence of innate ideas, positing that all human knowledge derives solely from experience. This places him with Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and George Berkeley, as a British Empiricist.[10] Hume argued that inductive reasoning and belief in causality cannot be justified rationally; instead, they result from custom and mental habit. We never actually perceive that one event causes another, but only experience the "constant conjunction" of events. This problem of induction means that to draw any causal inferences from past experience it is necessary to presuppose that the future will resemble the past, a presupposition which cannot itself be grounded in prior experience.[11] An opponent of philosophical rationalists, Hume held that passions rather than reason govern human behaviour, famously proclaiming that "Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions".[10] Hume was also a sentimentalist who held that ethics are based on emotion or sentiment rather than abstract moral principle. He maintained an early commitment to naturalistic explanations of moral phenomena, and is usually taken to have first clearly expounded the is-ought problem, or the idea that a statement of fact alone can never give rise to a normative conclusion of what ought to be done.[12] Hume also denied that humans have an actual conception of the self, positing that we experience only a bundle of sensations, and that the self is nothing more than this bundle of causally-connected perceptions. Hume's compatibilist theory of free will takes causal determinism as fully compatible with human freedom.[13] His views on philosophy of religion, including his rejection of miracles and the argument from design for God's existence, were especially controversial for their time. Hume influenced utilitarianism, logical positivism, the philosophy of science, early analytic philosophy, cognitive science, theology, and many other fields and thinkers. Immanuel Kant credited Hume as the inspiration who had awakened him from his "dogmatic slumbers".

Recenzii

Over a series of elegantly written, engaging essays, the Enquiry examines the experiential and psychological sources of meaning and knowledge, the foundations of reasoning about matters that lie beyond the scope of our sensory experience and memory, the nature of belief, and the limitations of our knowledge. The positions Hume takes on these topics have been described as paradigmatically empiricist, sceptical, and naturalist and have been widely influential and even more widely decried.
The introduction to this edition discusses the Enquiry’s origin, evolution, and critical reception, while appendices provide examples of contemporary responses to Hume.

“David Hume’s Enquiry concerning Human Understanding is a philosophical masterpiece that explores the nature of human cognition and the limits of our knowledge. This edition of the Enquiry helpfully puts the text in its historical context by presenting it alongside responses from Hume’s most significant 18th-century critics: George Campbell, Thomas Reid, James Beattie, and Immanuel Kant. Lorne Falkenstein’s incisive introduction and editorial comments offer readers, whether novice or expert, a sure hand as they navigate both the deceivingly straightforward text and the critics’ responses.” — Donald C. Ainslie, University of Toronto
“The 1758 edition of An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding was the first to be grouped together with A Dissertation on the Passions, An Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals, and The Natural History of Religion. This grouping well reflects Hume’s ambition to recast his earlier Treatise on Human Nature, and brings into relief his explicit criticism of religion. In four appendices, Lorne Falkenstein has thoughtfully chosen selections by Hume’s contemporaries who challenge Hume on the central topics of the Enquiry: perception and reasoning, causation, and miracles. Falkenstein adds helpful notes providing further historical context. This is an excellent edition for undergraduate and graduate courses, and will be a welcome new resource for scholars.” — Jacqueline Taylor, University of San Francisco

Cuprins

Preface and Acknowledgements
Abbreviations and References
Introduction
David Hume: A Brief Chronology
A Note on the Texts
Front Matter from the 1758 and 1777 Editions of Hume’s Essays and Treatises on Several Subjects
An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding
  • Section 1 Of the different Species of Philosophy
    Section 2 Of the Origin of Ideas
    Section 3 Of the Association of Ideas
    Section 4 Sceptical Doubts concerning the Operations of the Understanding
    Section 5 Sceptical Solution of these Doubts
    Section 6 Of Probability
    Section 7 Of the Idea of necessary Connexion
    Section 8 Of Liberty and Necessity
    Section 9 Of the Reason of Animals
    Section 10 Of Miracles
    Section 11 Of a particular Providence and of a future State
    Section 12 Of the academical or sceptical Philosophy
Appendix A: From George Campbell, A Dissertation on Miracles (1762)
Appendix B: From Thomas Reid, An Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense (1764) and Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man (1785)
Appendix C: From James Beattie, An Essay on the Nature and Immutability of Truth (1774)
Appendix D: From Immanuel Kant, Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics (1784) and The Critique of Pure Reason (1781/1787)
Select Bibliography
Hume’s Index to the Enquiry