This book provides current research on the cultivation, nutritional properties and effects on health of soybeans. Chapter One examines the antioxidant defense system in foliar and seed extracts of seven soybean cultivars. Chapter Two introduces phytic acid, an anti-nutritional factor in soybean seeds, soybean mea and phytic acid in animal production, low phytic acid (LPA) soybeans, LPA soybeans in meal production, and the potential problems with LPA soybean varieties. Chapter Three explains the mechanisms that regulate the triggered responses produced by different insect pests on soybean organs. Chapter Four reviews possible risks of food chain contamination and the possibility of crop loss from soybeans being exposed to arsenic. Chapter Five focuses on the behavior of soybean plants inoculated with the mycorrhisal fungus Rhizophagus intraradices, subjected to i) a sudden and severe water stress; ii) increasing levels of arsenic (As) in soil, and iii) a biotic stress such as the fungal disease charcoal rot. Chapter Six evaluates the deoxynivalenol and zearalenone toxin transmission caused by several F. graminearu isolates, and their effect on seed viability and flour quality of soybean and wheat. Chapter Seven discusses the changes in the form of growing soybeans after the emergence of transgenic soybeans in Brazil, seeking to discuss their advantages and disadvantages in relation to environmental, social and economic areas. Chapter Eight focuses on the ecology, diversity and pathogenicity of the Fusarium graminearum species complex in soybean agroecosystem in Argentina. Chapter Nine describes sustainable chemical control of LSD, FLS and ASR, framed within a program of integrated disease management.