K-theory has helped convert the theory of operator algebras from a simple branch of functional analysis to a subject with broad applicability throughout mathematics, especially in geometry and topology, and many mathematicians of diverse backgrounds must learn the essential parts of the theory. This book is the only comprehensive treatment of K-theory for operator algebras, and is intended to help students, non-specialists, and specialists learn the subject. This book develops K-theory, the theory of extensions, and Kasparov's bivariant KK-theory for C*-algebras. Special topics covered include the theory of AF algebras, axiomatic K-theory, the Universal Coefficient Theorem, and E-theory. Although the book is technically complete, motivation and intuition are emphasized. Many examples and applications are discussed. This first paperback printing has been revised and expanded and contains an updated reference list.