This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Inductive Logic Programming, ILP 2010, held in Florence, Italy in June 2010.The 11 revised full papers and 15 revised short papers presented together with abstracts of three invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected during two rounds of refereeing and revision. All current issues in inductive logic programming, i.e. in logic programming for machine learning are addressed, in particular statistical learning and other probabilistic approaches to machine learning are reflected.