The Devil's Dictionary: Roads Classics: Roads Classics

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History, n. an account mostly false, of events mostly unimportant, which are brought about by rulers mostly knaves, and soldiers mostly fools. Marriage, n. The state or condition of a community consisting of a master, a mistress, and two slaves, making in all two. Self-Esteem, n. An erroneous appraisement. These caustic aphorisms, collected in The Devil's Dictionary, helped earn Ambrose Bierce the epithets Bitter Bierce, the Devil's Lexicographer, and the Wickedest Man in San Francisco. First published as The Cynic's Word Book (1906) and later reissued under its preferred name in 1911, Bierce's notorious collection of barbed definitions forcibly contradicts Samuel Johnson's earlier definition of a lexicographer as a harmless drudge. There was nothing harmless about Ambrose Bierce, and the words he shaped into verbal pitchforks a century ago--with or without the devil's help--can still draw blood today.

AMBROSE BIERCE (1842-1913?) was one of the leading men of letters in nineteenth-century America and a Civil War veteran. He served as a first lieutenant in the Union Army's 9th Indiana Infantry Regiment. After the war he became a regular columnist at The San Francisco Examiner and one of the most influential journalists on the West Coast. In addition to his journalistic work, he wrote piercingly about the ghastly things he had seen in the war and was a pioneer of the psychological horror story. At the age of seventy-one Bierce disappeared while joining Pancho Villa's army as an observer of the Mexican Revolution, and, in spite of multiple investigations, his ultimate fate remains unknown.