I. M. Vinogradov (1891 - 1983) was one of the creators of modern analytic number theory. He graduated from the University of St. Petersburg, where in 1920 he became a Professor. From 1934 he was a Director of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics, a position he held for the rest of his life, except for five years during World War II. This edition includes a selection of articles, chosen by the author himself, which highlight the important stages of his scientific career. In addition to some early works, it contains the initial proofs of many of Vinogradov's basic theorems as well as the later improved versions, and also two substantial monographs.