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Politics de Aristotle

Politics

Autor Aristotle Traducere de C. D. C. Reeve
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 15 mar 1998

Veți descoperi în această lucrare fundamentală nu doar un tratat de științe politice, ci o explorare profundă a modului în care comunitățile umane se organizează pentru a atinge fericirea colectivă. Notăm cu interes felul în care Aristotle ancorează politica în etică, transformând guvernarea dintr-un simplu exercițiu de putere într-o extensie naturală a virtuții umane. Considerăm că forța acestui text rezidă în capacitatea sa de a clasifica regimurile politice pe baza unui criteriu moral: dacă acestea servesc binele comun sau doar interesele conducătorilor.

Structura volumului reflectă o progresie logică riguroasă, pornind de la unitatea de bază a societății — gospodăria — și culminând cu analiza complexă a statului ca asociație naturală. Ca și Athenian Constitution. Eudemian Ethics. Virtues and Vices, această operă analizează structurile de guvernare, dar se diferențiază prin accentul pus pe fundamentul filosofic și teleologic al statului, nu doar pe cronica sa istorică. În contextul operei sale, Politics întregește viziunea expusă în Nicomachean Ethics, demonstrând că omul este, prin natura sa, un animal politic care își poate atinge potențialul maxim doar în cadrul unei cetăți bine rânduite.

Ritmul lecturii este unul analitic, susținut de notele și introducerile semnate de T. A. Sinclair și T. J. Saunders, care clarifică terminologia tehnică și disputele editoriale privind ordinea originală a capitolelor. Este o lucrare esențială pentru a înțelege vocabularul intelectual al Occidentului, oferind perspective asupra sclaviei, economiei de familie și educației cetățenilor care rămân subiecte de dezbatere și în prezent.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780872203884
ISBN-10: 0872203883
Pagini: 384
Ilustrații: 1 b-w map
Dimensiuni: 140 x 216 x 18 mm
Greutate: 0.3 kg
Editura: Hackett Publishing Company,Inc
Colecția Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.
Locul publicării:United States

De ce să citești această carte

Pentru cititorul pasionat de istoria ideilor și de bazele democrației, această carte oferă claritate asupra modului în care s-au născut conceptele de stat și cetățenie. Veți câștiga o înțelegere profundă a sistemelor de guvernare, învățând să distingeți între regimurile orientate spre binele public și cele deviante. Este o resursă indispensabilă pentru studenții la științe politice și pentru oricine dorește să analizeze societatea modernă prin prisma gândirii clasice.

Despre autor

Aristotle (384–322 î.Hr.) a fost un filosof grec și polimat, elev al lui Platon și preceptor al lui Alexandru cel Mare. Fondator al Liceului din Atena și al școlii peripatetice, contribuțiile sale acoperă aproape toate domeniile cunoașterii, de la biologie și fizică până la logică și poetică. Deși doar o treime din scrierile sale au supraviețuit, acestea au format lexicul intelectual al Occidentului. În Politics, el sintetizează observațiile empirice asupra constituțiilor vremii sale, stabilind bazele științei politice moderne și influențând decisiv modul în care înțelegem astăzi guvernarea și etica socială.

Descriere

No other English-language translation comes close to the standard of accuracy and readability set here by Reeve. This volume provides the reader with more of the resources needed to understand Aristotle's argument than any other edition. An introductory essay by Reeve situates Politics in Aristotle's overall thought and offers an engaging critical introduction to its central argument. A detailed glossary, footnotes, bibliography, and indexes provide historical background, analytical assistance with particular passages, and a guide both to Aristotle’s philosophy and to scholarship on it.

Recenzii

. . . this is an accurate translation which is well-presented and written in reasonably natural English. It makes a valuable contribution to our understanding of the Politics. . . . of the complete translations I have seen, I would regard this one as first choice for Greekless students at the postgraduate and more advanced undergraduate levels. For these students accuracy is of prime importance, and they should be able to make good use of the introduction and other supporting material that Reeve offers. I would also recommend this version to anyone lacking Greek who wants to do serious scholarly work on the Politics. --R. F. Stalley, in Polis

This is an admirable translation, meticulous in its attention to Aristotle's Greek and judicious in its phrasing and choice of terms. It should prove invaluable to beginning students and scholars alike. --Richard Kraut, Northwestern University

The beautifully crafted English of Reeve's translation is as crisp and lucid as Aristotle's Greek. One is constantly impressed with Reeve's instinct for the right word in rendering the rich vocabulary of Aristotle's thoughts about politics and for his ability to capture the subtleties of Aristotelian syntax. Highly recommended. --David Keyt, University of Washington

Notă biografică

Aristotle (Greek: ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ Aristotél¿s, pronounced [aristotél¿¿s]; 384-322 BC)[A] was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Lyceum, the Peripatetic school of philosophy, and the Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects. including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, estheticspoetry, theatre, music, rhetoric, psychology, linguistics, economics, politics, and government. Aristotle provided a complex synthesis of the various philosophies existing prior to him. It was above all from his teachings that the West inherited its intellectual lexicon, as well as problems and methods of inquiry. As a result, his philosophy has exerted a unique influence on almost every form of knowledge in the West and it continues to be a subject of contemporary philosophical discussion. Little is known about his life. Aristotle was born in the city of Stagira in Northern Greece. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, and he was brought up by a guardian. At seventeen or eighteen years of age he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty-seven (c. 347 BC).[4] Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip II of Macedon, tutored Alexander the Great beginning in 343 BC.[5] He established a library in the Lyceum which helped him to produce many of his hundreds of books on papyrus scrolls. Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dialogues for publication, only around a third of his original output has survived, none of it intended for publication.[6] Aristotle's views on physical science profoundly shaped medieval scholarship. Their influence extended from Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages into the Renaissance, and were not replaced systematically until the Enlightenment and theories such as classical mechanics. Some of Aristotle's zoological observations found in his biology, such as on the hectocotyl (reproductive) arm of the octopus, were disbelieved until the 19th century. His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, studied by medieval scholars such as Peter Abelard and John Buridan. Aristotle's influence on logic also continued well into the 19th century.

Cuprins

The PoliticsTranslator's Introduction by T. A. Sinclair
Aristotle's Life and Works
Aristotle's Politics in the Past
Aristotle's Politics Today
Notes by the Reviser Reviser's Introduction, by T. J. Saunders
A Modern Report on the Politics
Teaching and Research in the Lyceum
The Contents and Structure of the Politics
Aristotle's Philosophical Assumption
Why Read the Politics?
The Revised Translation
Principles of Revision
Translation of Key Terms
Refractory Terms
Italicized Prefaces to Chapters
Numerical References
Footnotes
Bibliographies
Table of Contents and Index of Names
Acknowledgments

THE POLITICS
Book I
Preface to Book I
i. The State as an Association
ii. The State Exists by Nature
The Two "Pairs"
Formation of the Household
Formation of the Village
Formation of the State
The State and the Individual
iii. The Household and Its Slaves
iv. The Slave as a Tool
v. Slavery as Part of a Universal Natural Pattern
vi. The Relation between Legal and Natural Slavery
vii. The Nature of Rule over Slaves
viii. The Natural Method of Acquiring Goods
ix. Natural and Unnatural Methods of Acquiring Goods
x. The Proper Limits of Household-Management; The Unnaturalness of Money-lending
xi. Some Practical Considerations, Especially on the Creation of Monopoly
xii. Brief Analysis of the Authority of Husband and Father
xiii. Morality and Efficiency in the Household

Book II
i. Introduction to Ideal States: How Far Should Sharing Go?
ii. Extreme Unity in Plato's Republic
iii. Extreme Unity is Impracticable
iv. Further Objections to Community of Wives and Children
v. The Ownership of Property
vi. Criticisms of Plato's Laws
vii. The Constitution of Phaleas
viii. The Constitution of Hippodamus
ix. Criticism of the Spartan Constitution
The Helots
Spartan Women
Property
The Ephors
The Board of Elders
The Kings
Some Common Meals
Some Further Criticisms
x. Criticism of the Cretan Constitution
xi. Criticism of the Carthaginian Constitution
xii. Solon and Some Other Lawgivers

Book III
i. How Should We Define "Citizen"?
ii. A Pragmatic Definition of "Citizen"
iii. Continuity of Identity of the State
iv. How Far Should the Good Man and the Good Citizen Be Distinguished?
v. Ought Workers to Be Citizens?
vi. Correct and Deviated Constitutions Distinguished
vii. Classification of Correct and Deviated Constitutions
viii. An Economic Classification of Constitutions
ix. The Just Distribution of Political Power
x. Justice and Sovereignty
xi. The Wisdom of Collective Judgments
xii. Justice and Equality
xiii. The Sole Proper Claim to Political Power
xiv. Five Types of Kingship
xv. The Relation of Kingship and Law (1)
xvi. The Relation of Kingship and Law (2)
xvii. The Highest Form of Kingship
xviii. The Education of the Ideal King

Book IV
i. The Tasks of Political Theory
ii. Consitutions Placed in Order of Merit
iii. Why There are Several Constitutions
iv. The Parts of the State and the Classification of Democracies
Definitions of Democracy and Oligarchy
The Parts of the State, and Resulting Variety among Constitutions (1)
Plato on the Parts of the State
The Parts of the State, and Resulting Variety among Constitutions (2)
Varieties of Democracy
v. The Classification of Oligarchies
vi. Four Types of Democracy and Four of Oligarchy
vii. Varieties of Aristocracy
viii. Polity Distinguished from Aristocracy
ix. Polity as a Mixture of Oligarchy and Democracy
x. Three Forms of Tyranny
xi. The Merits of the Middle Constitution
xii. Why Democrats and Oligarchs Should Cultivate the Middle Ground
xiii. Right and Wrong Strategems to Ensure a Majority for the Constitution
xiv. The Deliberative Element in the Constitution
xv. The Executive Element in the Constitution
xvi. The Judicial Element in the Constitution

Book V
i. Equality, Justice, and Constitutional Change
ii. Sources of Constitutional Change (1)
iii. Sources of Constitutional Change (2)
iv. The Immediate Occasions of Constitutional Change
v. Why Democracies Are Overthrown
vi. Why Oligarchies Are Overthrown
vii. The Causes of Factions in Aristocracies
viii. How Constitutions May Be Preserved (1)
ix. How Constitutions May Be Preserved (2)
x. The Origins and Downfall of Monarchy
xi. Methods of Preserving Monarchies, with Particular Reference to Tyranny
xii. The Impermanence of Tyrannies; Plato on Constitutional Change

Book VI
i. How Do Constitutions Function Best?
ii. Principles and Practices of Democracies
iii. Ways of Achieving Equality
iv. The Best Democracy
v. How Democracies May be Preserved
vi. The Preservation of Oligarchies (1)
vii. The Preservation of Oligarchies (2)
viii. A Comprehensive Review of Officialdom

Book VII
i. The Relation between Virtue and Prosperity
ii. The Active Life and the Philosophic Life (1)
iii. The Active Life and the Philosophic Life (2)
iv. The Size of the Ideal State
v. The Territory of the Ideal State
vi. The Importance of the Sea
vii. The Influence of Climate
viii. Membership and Essential Functions of the State
ix. Citizenship and Age-Groups
x. The Food-Supply and the Division of the Territory
xi. The Siting and Defence of the City
xii. The Siting of Markets, Temples and Communal Refectories
xiii. Happiness as the Aim of the Constitution
xiv. Education for Citizenship
xv. The Proper Education for Cultured Leisure
xvi. Sex, Marriage and Eugenics
xvii. The Main Periods of Education; Censorship

Book VIII
i. Education as a Public Concern
ii. Controversy about the Aims of Education
iii. Leisure Distinguished from Play; Education in Music (1)
iv. The Limits of Physical Training
v. Education in Music (2)
vi. Gentlemen versus Players
vii. Melodies and Modes in Education

Select Bibliographies
Glossaries:
Greek-English
English-Greek
Index of Names