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On Liberty de John Stuart Mill

On Liberty

Autor John Stuart Mill
en Limba Engleză Paperback

Deși filosofia politică modernă abundă în teorii despre democrație, puține texte reușesc să completeze lacuna dintre etica utilitaristă și exercițiul practic al guvernării cu precizia volumului On Liberty. Publicată inițial în 1859, această lucrare semnată de John Stuart Mill nu este doar un eseu istoric, ci fundamentul pe care s-a construit gândirea liberală clasică. Reținem, în această ediție Dover Thrift Editions, efortul autorului de a defini standardele clare prin care autoritatea statului poate fi limitată pentru a proteja individualitatea, considerată de Mill motorul progresului social.

Observăm o structură riguroasă, în care Mill analizează riscurile „tiraniei majorității” și stabilește cele două maxime care guvernează relația dintre individ și colectivitate. Notăm cu interes influența decisivă a soției sale, Harriet Taylor Mill, asupra textului, acesta fiind conceput ca un manifest pentru libertatea de exprimare și dreptul la viață privată. Ca alternativă la An Analysis of John Stuart Mill's On Liberty de Ashleigh Campi pentru cursurile de științe politice, acest volum are avantajul de a prezenta argumentația originală, nefiltrată, oferind studenților posibilitatea de a analiza direct logica lui Mill.

În contextul operei sale, On Liberty funcționează ca o extensie politică a principiilor din Utilitarianism. Dacă în lucrarea menționată anterior Mill caută criteriul binelui și al răului, aici el aplică aceleași standarde utilitariste pentru a justifica de ce libertatea individuală este esențială pentru fericirea generală. Față de antologiile extinse precum On Liberty, Utilitarianism and Other Essays, ediția de față se concentrează strict pe eseul despre libertate, fiind un instrument de lucru concis și esențial pentru orice curriculum de teorie politică sau filosofie morală.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781495484940
ISBN-10: 1495484947
Pagini: 126
Dimensiuni: 152 x 229 x 7 mm
Greutate: 0.18 kg
Editura: CREATESPACE

De ce să citești această carte

Această ediție este indispensabilă pentru studenții la științe politice și drept, oferind textul sursă care a definit conceptul modern de libertate civilă. Cititorul câștigă o înțelegere profundă a limitelor puterii statului și a importanței toleranței în discursul public. Este o recomandare de bază pentru oricine dorește să înțeleagă rădăcinile democrației liberale și mecanismele prin care minoritățile sunt protejate de presiunea conformismului social.

Despre autor

John Stuart Mill (1806–1873) a fost un filosof și economist politic britanic, figură centrală a liberalismului clasic. Format sub îndrumarea riguroasă a tatălui său și a lui Jeremy Bentham, Mill a rafinat teoria utilitarismului, aducându-i valențe umaniste și punând accent pe dezvoltarea individuală. Ca membru al Parlamentului și autor al lucrării The Subjection of Women, a fost un susținător timpuriu al drepturilor femeilor și al sufragiului universal. Opera sa vastă, care include contribuții esențiale în logică și economie politică, rămâne un pilon al gândirii occidentale contemporane.

Descriere scurtă

On Liberty is a philosophical work by British philosopher John Stuart Mill, originally intended as a short essay. The work, published in 1859, applies Mill's ethical system of utilitarianism to society and the state. Mill attempts to establish standards for the relationship between authority and liberty. He emphasizes the importance of individuality which he conceived as a prerequisite to the higher pleasures-the summum bonum of Utilitarianism. Furthermore, Mill criticised the errors of past attempts to defend individuality where, for example, democratic ideals resulted in the "tyranny of the majority." Among the standards established in this work are Mill's three basic liberties of individuals, his three legitimate objections to government intervention, and his two maxims regarding the relationship of the individual to society "which together form the entire doctrine of Mill's] Essay."
On Liberty was a greatly influential and well received work though it did not go without criticism. Some attacked it for its apparent discontinuity with Utilitarianism, while others criticised its vagueness. The ideas presented in On Liberty have remained the basis of much liberal political thought. It has remained in print continuously since its initial publication. To this day, a copy of On Liberty is passed to the president of the British Liberal Democrats as a symbol of office. A copy of the same book is also presented to and then held by the resident of the Liberal Party as a symbol of office.
Mill's marriage to his wife Harriet Taylor Mill greatly influenced the concepts in On Liberty, which was largely finished prior to her death, and published shortly after she died.
Composition
According to Mill's Autobiography, On Liberty was first conceived as a short essay in 1854. As the ideas developed, the essay was expanded, rewritten and "sedulously" corrected by Mill and his wife, Harriet Taylor. Mill, after suffering a mental breakdown and eventually meeting and subsequently marrying Harriet, changed many of his beliefs on moral life and women's rights. Mill states that On Liberty "was more directly and literally our joint production than anything else which bears my name." The final draft was nearly complete when his wife died suddenly in 1858. Mill suggests that he made no alterations to the text at this point and that one of his first acts after her death was to publish it and to "consecrate it to her memory." The composition of this piece was also indebted to the work of the German thinker Wilhelm von Humboldt, especially his essay On the Limits of State Action. Finally published in 1859, On Liberty was one of Mill's two most influential books (the other being Utilitarianism).

Textul de pe ultima copertă

Discussed and debated from time immemorial, the concept of personal liberty went without codification until the 1859 publication of "On Liberty." John Stuart Mill's complete and resolute dedication to the cause of freedom inspired this treatise, an enduring work through which the concept remains well known and studied.
The British economist, philosopher, and ethical theorist's argument does not focus on "the so-called Liberty of the Will but Civil, or Social Liberty: the nature and limits of the power which can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual." Mill asks and answers provocative questions relating to the boundaries of social authority and individual sovereignty. In powerful and persuasive prose, he declares that there is "one very simple principle" regarding the use of coercion in society one may only coerce others either to defend oneself or to defend others from harm.
The new edition offers students of political science and philosophy, in an inexpensive volume, one of the most influential studies on the nature of individual liberty and its role in a democratic society."

Notă biografică

John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 - 8 May 1873), usually cited as J. S. Mill, was a British philosopher, political economist, and civil servant. One of the most influential thinkers in the history of classical liberalism, he contributed widely to social theory, political theory, and political economy. Dubbed "the most influential English-speaking philosopher of the nineteenth century",[8] Mill's conception of liberty justified the freedom of the individual in opposition to unlimited state and social control.[9] Mill was a proponent of utilitarianism, an ethical theory developed by his predecessor Jeremy Bentham. He contributed to the investigation of scientific methodology, though his knowledge of the topic was based on the writings of others, notably William Whewell, John Herschel, and Auguste Comte, and research carried out for Mill by Alexander Bain. Mill engaged in written debate with Whewell.[10] A member of the Liberal Party, he was also the second Member of Parliament to call for women's suffrage after Henry Hunt in 1832 John Stuart Mill was born at 13 Rodney Street in Pentonville, Middlesex, the eldest son of the Scottish philosopher, historian and economist James Mill, and Harriet Barrow. John Stuart was educated by his father, with the advice and assistance of Jeremy Benthamand Francis Place. He was given an extremely rigorous upbringing, and was deliberately shielded from association with children his own age other than his siblings. His father, a follower of Bentham and an adherent of associationism, had as his explicit aim to create a genius intellect that would carry on the cause of utilitarianism and its implementation after he and Bentham had died. Mill was a notably precocious child. He describes his education in his autobiography. At the age of three he was taught Greek.[14] By the age of eight, he had read Aesop's Fables, Xenophon's Anabasis,[14] and the whole of Herodotus,[14] and was acquainted with Lucian, Diogenes Laërtius, Isocrates and six dialogues of Plato.[14] He had also read a great deal of history in English and had been taught arithmetic, physics and astronomy. At the age of eight, Mill began studying Latin, the works of Euclid, and algebra, and was appointed schoolmaster to the younger children of the family. His main reading was still history, but he went through all the commonly taught Latin and Greek authors and by the age of ten could read Plato and Demosthenes with ease. His father also thought that it was important for Mill to study and compose poetry. One of Mill's earliest poetic compositions was a continuation of the Iliad. In his spare time he also enjoyed reading about natural sciences and popular novels, such as Don Quixote and Robinson Crusoe.

Cuprins

1. Introductory; 2. Of the liberty of thought and discussion; 3. Of individuality, as one of the elements of well-being; 4. Of the limits to the authority of society over the individual; 5. Applications.