This book collects some contributions presented in the annual Congress "Mathematical Modeling & Human Behavior", held from 10 to 12 July 2024 at Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain. These manuscripts deal with new mathematical methods and applications covering a wide range of areas of Mathematics, providing an overview of hot topics where the mathematical community is currently advancing. Mathematical modeling and numerical simulation play a key role in scientific advances in science and engineering. The combination of mathematical language and the power of computers to carry out rapid and accurate computations is currently permitting a better understanding of complex phenomena that are of great interest to our society. The unifying approach to success in dealing with such challenges falls within the realm of mathematical modeling. Thanks to the mathematical methods that are continuously developing, researchers can gain insights into biological processes and medical diseases, predict outcomes in climate phenomena, and optimize designs in engineering mechanisms with unprecedented accuracy and efficiency.