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Making the World Safe: The American Red Cross and a Nation's Humanitarian Awakening de Julia F. Irwin

Making the World Safe: The American Red Cross and a Nation's Humanitarian Awakening

Autor Julia F. Irwin
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 20 apr 2017

În volumul Making the World Safe, Julia F. Irwin analizează emergența Statelor Unite ca putere globală la începutul secolului XX, proces realizat nu doar prin forță militară, ci și printr-o redefinire a responsabilităților civice internaționale. Subliniem modul în care Crucea Roșie Americană a funcționat ca un vehicul esențial pentru acest „internaționalism umanitar”, operând la granița dintre sectorul privat și cel de stat. Reținem că această lucrare reprezintă fundamentul cercetărilor autoarei, precedând tematic volumul Catastrophic Diplomacy, unde Julia F. Irwin extinde analiza asistenței în caz de dezastre naturale până în anii '70. Dacă în lucrările ulterioare accentul cade pe intervenții în situații de criză climatică, aici explorăm eforturile deliberate de modernizare și democratizare prin sănătate publică și educație în regiuni precum Polonia, Cehoslovacia sau Italia postbelică.

Cititorii familiarizați cu Saving Europe de Tammy M. Proctor vor aprecia modul în care Irwin completează tabloul asistenței americane, oferind o perspectivă instituțională asupra modului în care elitele progresiste au utilizat filantropia pentru a proiecta valori democratice. Spre deosebire de Benevolent Empire de Stephen R. Porter, care se concentrează pe criza refugiaților și relocare, Making the World Safe investighează cum asistența externă a devenit o obligație politică asumată, transformând radical identitatea externă a SUA dintr-o națiune izolaționistă într-un lider al bunăstării globale. Stilul narativ este cel al unei monografii riguroase, publicată de Oxford University Press, care reușește să sintetizeze teme complexe de istorie diplomatică și asistență socială într-o argumentație fluidă despre începuturile puterii „soft” americane.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780190610746
ISBN-10: 0190610743
Pagini: 290
Ilustrații: 15 illus.
Dimensiuni: 155 x 231 x 18 mm
Greutate: 0.43 kg
Editura: Oxford University Press
Colecția OUP USA
Locul publicării:New York, United States

De ce să citești această carte

Recomandăm această carte istoricilor și studenților interesați de rădăcinile diplomației moderne. Cititorul va înțelege cum asistența umanitară a încetat să fie un act caritabil izolat, devenind un pilon strategic al politicii externe americane. Este o resursă esențială pentru a vedea cum asociații precum Crucea Roșie au modelat percepția globală asupra democrației prin programe practice de sănătate și educație.

Despre autor

Julia F. Irwin este o istorică specializată în relațiile externe ale Statelor Unite și istoria umanitarismului internațional. Lucrările sale se concentrează pe intersecția dintre politică, asistență socială și diplomație în secolul XX. Making the World Safe reprezintă debutul său editorial remarcabil, stabilind premisele pentru cercetările sale ulterioare privind asistența în caz de catastrofe, reflectate în volumul său mai recent, Catastrophic Diplomacy. Prin scrierile sale, Irwin oferă o perspectivă critică asupra modului în care acțiunile benevole ale Americii au servit, istoric, obiectivelor strategice ale statului.

Descriere

In Making the World Safe, historian Julia Irwin offers an insightful account of the American Red Cross, from its founding in 1881 by Clara Barton to its rise as the government's official voluntary aid agency. Equally important, Irwin shows that the story of the Red Cross is simultaneously a story of how Americans first began to see foreign aid as a key element in their relations with the world.As the American Century dawned, more and more Americans saw the need to engage in world affairs and to make the world a safer place--not by military action but through humanitarian aid. It was a time perfectly suited for the rise of the ARC. Irwin shows how the early and vigorous support of William H. Taft--who was honorary president of the ARC even as he served as President of the United States--gave the Red Cross invaluable connections with the federal government, eventually making it the official agency to administer aid both at home and abroad. Irwin describes how, during World War I, the ARC grew at an explosive rate and extended its relief work for European civilians into a humanitarian undertaking of massive proportions, an effort that was also a major propaganda coup. Irwin also shows how in the interwar years, the ARC's mission meshed well with presidential diplomatic styles, and how, with the coming of World War II, the ARC once again grew exponentially, becoming a powerful part of government efforts to bring aid to war-torn parts of the world.The belief in the value of foreign aid remains a central pillar of U.S. foreign relations. Making the World Safe reveals how this belief took hold in America and the role of the American Red Cross in promoting it.

Recenzii

Irwin shows that the Red Cross did more than change itself. In effect it used the war and the aftermath in which American power and prestige grew to reshape European society and the global Red Cross movement as a proactive charity.... Exhaustive and fresh in its research, and mature in its judgments, the book is notable in part because it fills a major gap in our knowledge.... Irwin provides an important contribution to the reinterpretation of the Progressive Era's international engagement and to the study of twentieth-century international organizations.
Julia F. Irwin's Making the World Safe, only the second book-length treatment of the American Red Cross (arc), provides a welcome update to the historical record. Irwin makes a convincing case that the story of the arc is inextricable from the story of international relations in the United States: we cannot hope to understand either American interventionism or isolationism by focusing on the political realm alone.
Irwin has provided a textured and needed perspective on a critical and overlooked piece of the U.S. humanitarian establishment by explaining the years that were a formative forge for the American Red Cross.... Rather than a simple institutional history of a crucial actor Irwin has provided us a textured view of a critical agent in the evolution of humanitarianism in the United States that illuminates a diverse set of historical themes.
Julia F. Irwin shows that the Red Cross's rapid growth during World War I is a significant event that raises deep questions about the role charities should play in our country's diplomatic efforts... Irwin reminds us that the role Americans play overseas is complex and deeply rooted in our nation's history.
Irwin, in a crisply written and stimulating book, has made a persuasive case that to understand fully the development of international humanitarianism later in the 20th century we must look to the American Red Cross overseas relief work during World War I. Students of American Foreign Relations and humanitarianism alike will be rewarded by reading this book.
Focusing on the American Red Cross, Julia Irwin traces a tradition of international humanitarianism in the United States from the late nineteenth century through World War II. Her work provides a significant building-block in understanding how the ARC assisted the state in waging war and also built capacity for efforts of international civilian relief.
In Making the World Safe, Julia Irwin offers an impressive history of a new form of American humanitarianism by tracing the rise of the American Red Cross. She convincingly shows how, in close concert with government officials at home and abroad, the Red Cross both encouraged and channeled a new kind of global humanitarianism. Deeply researched and full of personal stories of Red Cross rank-and-file, Irwin offers an impressive social history of American internationalism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Though focused on the American Red Cross and its international civilian relief efforts in the early twentieth century, this book is about far more than emergency housing, food provisioning, health care, and hygienic education. It is about the growing conviction that the United States people-and increasingly their government-should provide overseas humanitarian assistance for moral and political reasons. Covering a pivotal period in the history of U.S. aid, Irwin shows how an organization founded to assist the wounded became a progressive force for peace as well as an instrument of national policy. This is a book of both contemporary relevance and lasting significance.
Making the World Safe uses the untold history of the Red Cross to explore how the generation of Americans who lived through the Great War responded to the global devastation that surrounded them. Written with clarity and a humane sensibility, it is a model of the most exciting new scholarship about America and the world.
In Making the World Safe, Julia Irwin shows the way American civilians facilitated the projection of American global power through Red Cross humanitarian efforts. Fascinating, deeply researched, and effective.
A very moving book about the American Red Cross and the excellent work that they perform.

Notă biografică

Julia F. Irwin is Associate Professor of History at the University of South Florida.