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Leviathan de Thomas Hobbes

Leviathan

Autor Thomas Hobbes
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 27 mar 2007

Capitolul referitor la „starea naturală” a omului rămâne, poate, cea mai influentă secțiune a acestui tratat, definind viziunea lui Thomas Hobbes asupra necesității autorității statale. Scris în contextul sângeros al Războiului Civil Englez, Leviathan nu este doar o pledoarie pentru absolutism, ci o analiză riguroasă a mecanismelor puterii și a psihologiei umane. Reținem argumentul central al autorului: fără o putere comună care să îi țină pe toți în frâu, societatea decade inevitabil într-un conflict perpetuu, unde viața este „singuratică, săracă, urâtă, brutală și scurtă”.

Din punct de vedere vizual și simbolic, ediția publicată de WORDSWORTH EDITIONS LTD păstrează celebra iconografie a frontispiciului original, unde figura gigantică a statului este compusă din cetățenii săi, reflectând fuziunea dintre puterea seculară și cea spirituală. Această structură extinde cadrul propus de The Prince de Niccolò Machiavelli, trecând de la pragmatismul politic al principelui la o fundamentare teoretică și juridică a contractului social. În contextul operei sale, Leviathan reprezintă maturizarea conceptelor explorate în The Elements of Law Natural and Politic, unde Hobbes începuse deja să schițeze ideea că frica de moarte violentă este motorul principal al organizării politice.

Această ediție în limba engleză oferă studenților și cercetătorilor acces la un text dens, dar logic, structurat pentru a demonstra cum rațiunea dictează căutarea păcii. Spre deosebire de analizele contemporane precum An Analysis of Thomas Hobbes's Leviathan de Jeremy Kleidosty, care oferă o perspectivă critică modernă, textul original ne permite să urmărim direct stilul geometric și deductiv prin care Hobbes a redefinit fundamentele guvernării.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781934451625
ISBN-10: 1934451622
Pagini: 420
Dimensiuni: 152 x 229 x 23 mm
Greutate: 0.61 kg
Editura: Wilder Publications

De ce să citești această carte

Recomandăm această ediție a Leviathan tuturor celor pasionați de istoria ideilor politice și filozofie morală. Este textul care a pus bazele conceptului de contract social, oferind o perspectivă fascinantă asupra modului în care autoritatea legitimă se naște din nevoia de securitate. Cititorul va câștiga o înțelegere profundă a rădăcinilor statului modern și a dilemelor dintre libertatea individuală și ordinea colectivă.

Despre autor

Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) a fost un filozof englez de prim rang, considerat unul dintre pionierii filozofiei politice moderne. Format la Oxford, Hobbes a fost martorul tensiunilor politice majore din secolul al XVII-lea, experiență care i-a modelat viziunea sceptică asupra naturii umane. Deși este recunoscut în principal pentru Leviathan și teoria contractului social, interesele sale au fost vaste, incluzând istoria (a tradus The Peloponnesian War de Tucidide), geometria, teologia și etica. Opera sa a provocat controverse majore în epocă, fiind criticată atât de biserică, cât și de susținătorii parlamentarismului, dar rămâne un pilon indispensabil al gândirii occidentale.

Descriere

Descriere de la o altă ediție sau format:

'He that is to govern a whole Nation, must read inhimself, not this, or that particular man; but Man-kind.'Thomas Hobbes's Leviathanis not just one of the greatest philosophicaltexts in the English language; it is one of the most important works in thehistory of Western political thought. Almost every major tradition in thecenturies after Hobbes - from radical democracy to authoritarianism - hasbeen influenced by its arguments. Written in exile in a period of dramaticdevelopments - civil war and regicide - Leviathanis in some ways theproduct of its own special circumstances. And yet, at the same time,it deals with fundamental issues that matter to all of us today: the natureand purpose of the state, the relation between human nature and politics,the idea of natural rights, the justification of authority, the concept ofrepresentation, the nature of sovereignty, the limits of obedience, andthe relationship between religious obligations and human ones.This new edition offers a definitive text drawn from more than twentyyears of research by Noel Malcolm, including, in English translation, allthe most significant revisions made in Hobbes's later Latin translation of Leviathan, as well as extensive explanatory notes that elucidate Hobbes'slanguage and identify the many Biblical, classical, and other allusionsthat are scattered through his text.

Notă biografică

Thomas Hobbes (5 April 1588 - 4 December 1679) was an English philosopher, considered to be one of the founders of modern political philosophy. Hobbes is best known for his 1651 book Leviathan, which expounded an influential formulation of social contract theory. In addition to political philosophy, Hobbes also contributed to a diverse array of other fields, including history, jurisprudence, geometry, the physics of gases, theology, ethics, and general philosophy. The English Civil War began in 1642, and when the royalist cause began to decline in mid-1644, some of the king's supporters fled to Europe. Many came to Paris and were known to Hobbes. In 1647, Hobbes took up a position as mathematical instructor to the young Charles, Prince of Wales, who had come to Paris from Jersey around July. This engagement lasted until 1648 when Charles went to Holland. The company of the exiled royalists led Hobbes to produce Leviathan, which set forth his theory of civil government in relation to the political crisis resulting from the war. Hobbes compared the State to a monster (leviathan) composed of men, created under pressure of human needs and dissolved by civil strife due to human passions. In 1658, Hobbes published the final section of his philosophical system, completing the scheme he had planned more than 20 years before. De Homine consisted for the most part of an elaborate theory of vision. From the time of the Restoration, he acquired a new prominence; "Hobbism" became a byword for all that respectable society ought to denounce. The young king, Hobbes' former pupil, now Charles II, remembered Hobbes and called him to the court to grant him a pension of £100.

Descriere scurtă

Written during the English Civil War (1642-1651), Leviathan argues for a social contract and rule by an absolute sovereign. Hobbes wrote that civil war and the brute situation of a state of nature ("the war of all against all") could only be avoided by strong, undivided government. After lengthy discussion with Thomas Hobbes, the Parisian Abraham Bosse created the etching for the book's famous frontispiece in the géometrique style which Bosse himself had refined. It is similar in organisation to the frontispiece of Hobbes' De Cive (1642), created by Jean Matheus. The frontispiece has two main elements, of which the upper part is by far the more striking. In it, a giant crowned figure is seen emerging from the landscape, clutching a sword and a crosier, beneath a quote from the Book of Job-"Non est potestas Super Terram quae Comparetur ei. Iob. 41 . 24" ("There is no power on earth to be compared to him. Job 41 . 24")-linking the figure to the monster of that book. (Due to disagreements over the precise location of the chapters and verses when they were divided in the Late Middle Ages, the verse Hobbes quotes is usually given as Job 41:33 in modern Christian translations into English, Job 41:25 in the Masoretic text, Septuagint, and the Luther Bible; it is Iob 41:24 in the Vulgate.) The torso and arms of the figure are composed of over three hundred persons, in the style of Giuseppe Arcimboldo; all are facing inwards with just the giant's head having visible features. (A manuscript of Leviathan created for Charles II in 1651 has notable differences - a different main head but significantly the body is also composed of many faces, all looking outwards from the body and with a range of expressions.) The lower portion is a triptych, framed in a wooden border. The centre form contains the title on an ornate curtain. The two sides reflect the sword and crosier of the main figure - earthly power on the left and the powers of the church on the right. Each side element reflects the equivalent power - castle to church, crown to mitre, cannon to excommunication, weapons to logic, and the battlefield to the religious courts. The giant holds the symbols of both sides, reflecting the union of secular, and spiritual in the sovereign, but the construction of the torso also makes the figure the state.

Recenzii

"A scholar's edition at a student price!" --Harvey Mansfield, Harvard University

"The translation of Latin variants and the index of Biblical citations mark this off as by far the best edition of the Leviathan." --Thomas Pangle, University of Toronto

"Plainly the best edition of Leviathan. Superbly edited and indexed, with footnote passages from the Latin edition, a helpful glossary, biographical and autobiographical material, and a translation of Hobbes on the Nicene Creed, it will be an indispensable study tool. Curley’s introduction is masterly." --Jerome Schneewind, Johns Hopkins University

Textul de pe ultima copertă

Thomas Hobbes's Leviathan is the greatest work of political philosophy in English and the first great work of philosophy in English. In addition, it presents the fundamentals of his beliefs about language, epistemology, and an extensive treatment of revealed religion and its relation to politics. Beginning with premises that were sometimes controversial, such as that every human action is caused by the agent's desire for his own good, Hobbes derived shocking conclusions, such as that the civil government enjoys absolute control over its citizens and that the sovereign has the right to determine which religion is to be practiced in a commonwealth. Hobbes's contemporaries recognized the power of the arguments in Leviathan and many of them wrote responses to it. Selections from books by John Bramhall, Robert Filmer, Edward Hyde, George Lawson, William Lucy, Samuel Pufendorf and Thomas Tenison are included in this edition.Leviathan is divided into four parts: In the first part, Of Man, Hobbes presents a view of human beings and of the natural world in general that is materialistic and mechanistic. In the second part, Of Commonwealth, he defends the theory of absolute sovereignty, the view that the government has all the political power and has the right to control any aspect of life. In the third part, Of a Christian Commonwealth, he critiques concepts like revelation, prophets, and miracles in such a way that it becomes doubtful whether they can be rationally justified. In the fourth part, Of the Kingdom of Darkness, he explains various ways in which priestly religion has corrupted religion and transgressed the rights of the sovereign.In this revised edition of Hobbes's classic work, A.P. Martinich improves Hobbes's punctuation for the sake of clarity. He has also added new notes for readers, extensive cross references, and substantial part of Hobbes's reply to Bramhall's The Catching of Leviathan.