This book provides an extensive introduction to encephalitis. Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of brain in humans and animals caused by different pathogens. Despite the advancements and developments in prevention, diagnostics and treatment methods during the last decades, encephalitis of different etiologies are still a menace for thousands of people all around the world. This book covers various aspects of encephalitis of different etiologies such as diagnostics, treatment and clinical management of patients. In addition, the data on epidemiology, monitoring, pathology and diagnostics of different viral causative agents has also been discussed.