This volumes focuses on the theory of statistical inference under inequality constraints, providing a unified and up-to-date treatment of the methodology. The scope of applications of the presented methodology and theory in different fields is clearly illustrated by using examples from several areas, especially sociology, econometrics, and biostatistics. The authors also discuss a broad range of other inequality constrained inference problems, which do not fit well in the contemplated unified framework, providing meaningful access to comprehend methodological resolutions.