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An Essay Concerning Human Understanding de John Locke

An Essay Concerning Human Understanding: Classics of World Literature

Autor John Locke
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 15 iun 2014

Găsim în această ediție a An Essay Concerning Human Understanding un punct de plecare riguros pentru studiul epistemologiei moderne, concentrat pe analiza modului în care mintea umană procesează senzațiile externe și reflecțiile interne. Reținem că această versiune, deși abreviată pentru a facilita parcurgerea unui text altfel masiv, păstrează structura logică a argumentației lui John Locke, pornind de la critica ideilor înnăscute și avansând spre clasificarea ideilor simple și complexe. În primele capitole, suntem invitați să urmărim exercițiile de deconstrucție a principiilor speculative, autorul demonstrând că niciun concept nu precede experiența senzorială. Această ediție Classics of World Literature se bazează pe textul stabilit de P. H. Nidditch, oferind o claritate superioară față de edițiile istorice neadnotate. Lucrarea extinde cadrul propus de Locke de E.J. Lowe prin prezentarea directă a sursei primare, oferind cercetătorului materialul brut care a fundamentat empirismul britanic. În contextul operei sale, eseul reprezintă fundamentul teoretic pentru lucrările sale politice, precum The Second Treatise of Government and a Letter Concerning Toleration, deoarece viziunea sa asupra libertății și guvernării pornește de la înțelegerea limitelor cunoașterii umane. Structura progresivă a cărții, de la mecanismele percepției la limitele limbajului, indică o acoperire exhaustivă a procesului cognitiv, transformând un text din secolul al XVII-lea într-un instrument de lucru actual pentru facultățile de filozofie.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781840227321
ISBN-10: 184022732X
Pagini: 880
Dimensiuni: 126 x 195 x 104 mm
Greutate: 0.56 kg
Ediția:UK edition
Editura: WORDSWORTH EDITIONS LTD
Colecția Classics of World Literature
Seria Classics of World Literature

De ce să citești această carte

Este lectura esențială pentru oricine dorește să înțeleagă bazele empirismului și conceptul de 'tabula rasa'. Cititorul câștigă o perspectivă clară asupra modului în care experiența ne modelează identitatea și cunoașterea. Recomandăm această ediție pentru aparatul critic bogat și textul abreviat, care face argumentele complexe ale lui Locke mult mai accesibile fără a le dilua rigoarea academică.

Despre autor

John Locke (1632–1704) a fost un filozof și medic englez, recunoscut drept „Tatăl Liberalismului” și unul dintre cei mai influenți gânditori ai Iluminismului. Pionier al empirismului britanic, Locke a postulat că mintea umană este la naștere o „tabula rasa”, cunoașterea fiind derivată exclusiv din experiența senzorială. Opera sa a influențat decisiv dezvoltarea epistemologiei, a filozofiei politice și a conceptelor moderne de identitate și sine, lăsând o amprentă profundă asupra gânditorilor precum Voltaire, Rousseau și Hume, dar și asupra fundamentelor democratice ale Revoluției Americane.

Descriere

An Essay Concerning Human Understanding by John Locke concerns the foundation of human knowledge and understanding, and is one of the classic philosophical works of the seventeenth century.

Notă biografică

John Locke (29 August 1632 - 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism." Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Sir Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory. His work greatly affected the development of epistemology and political philosophy. His writings influenced Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the American revolutionaries. His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence. Locke's theory of mind is often cited as the origin of modern conceptions of identity and the self, figuring prominently in the work of later philosophers such as David Hume, Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant. Locke was the first to define the self through a continuity of consciousness. He postulated that, at birth, the mind was a blank slate or tabula rasa. Contrary to Cartesian philosophy based on pre-existing concepts, he maintained that we are born without innate ideas, and that knowledge is instead determined only by experience derived from sense perception. This is now known as empiricism. An example of Locke's belief in empiricism can be seen in his quote, "whatever I write, as soon as I discover it not to be true, my hand shall be the forwardest to throw it into the fire." This shows the ideology of science in his observations in that something must be capable of being tested repeatedly and that nothing is exempt from being disproven. Challenging the work of others, Locke is said to have established the method of introspection, or observing the emotions and behaviours of one's self.

Cuprins

Introduction
Further Reading
Bibliographical Abbreviations
A Note on the Text
Title-page of the Fifth Edition
AN ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING
The Epistle Dedicatory
The Epistle to the Reader
The Contents
Book I: Of Innate Notions
I Introduction
II No Innate Principles in the Mind
III No Innate Practical Principles
IV Other Considerations concerning Innate Principles, both Speculative and Practical
Book II: Of Innate Notions
I Of Ideas in General, and their Original
II Of Simple Ideas
III Of Ideas of One Sense
IV Of Solidity
V Of Simple Ideas of Divers Senses
VI Of Simple Ideas of Reflection
VII Of Simple Ideas of both Sensation and Reflection
VIII Some further Considerations concerning our Simple Ideas
IX Of Perception
X Of Retention
XI Of Discerning, and other Operations of the Mind
XII Of Complex Ideas
XIII Of Simple Modes; and first, of the Simple Modes of Space
XIV Of Duration, and its Simple Modes
XV Of Duration and Expansion, considered together
XVI Of Number
XVII Of Infinity
XVIII Of other Simple Modes
XIX Of the Modes of Thinking
XX Of Modes of Pleasure and Pain
XXI Of Power
XXII Of Mixed Modes
XXIII Of our Complex Ideas of Substances
XXIV Of Collective Ideas of Substances
XXV Of Relation
XXVI Of Cause and Effect, and other Relations
XXVII Of Identity and Diversity
XXVIII Of other Relations
XXIX Of Clear and Obscure, Distinct and Confused Ideas
XXX Of Real and Fantastical Ideas
XXXI Of Adequate and Inadequate Ideas
XXXII Of True and False Ideas
XXXIII Of the Association of Ideas
Book III: Of Words
I Of Words or Language in General
II Of the Signification of Words
III Of General Terms
IV Of the Names of Simple Ideas
V Of the Names of Mixed Modes and Relations
VI Of the Names of Substances
VII Of Particles
VIII Of Abstract and Concrete Terms
IX Of the Imperfection of Words
X Of the Abuse of Words
XI Of the Remedies of the Foregoing Imperfections and Abuses
Book IV: Of Knowledge and Opinion
I Of Knowledge in General
II Of the Degrees of Our Knowledge
III Of the Extent of Human Knowledge
IV Of the Reality of Knowledge
V Of Truth in General
VI Of Universal Propositions, their Truth and Certainty
VII Of Maxims
VIII Of Trifling Propositions
IX Of our Knowledge of Existence
X Of our Knowledge of the Existence of a God
XI Of our Knowledge of the Existence of Things
XII Of the Improvement of our Knowledge
XIII Some further Considerations concerning our Knowledge
XIV Of Judgment
Xv Of Probability
XVI Of the Degrees of Assent
XVII Of Reason
XVIII Of Faith and Reason, and their Distinct Provinces
XIX Of Enthusiasm
XX Of Wrong Assent, or Error
XXI Of the Division of the Sciences
Appendix:
John Locke's Debate with Edward Stillingfleet, Bishop of Worcester, as it figures in footnotes in the Fifth Edition of the Essay
Index to the Fifth Edition
Notes

Recenzii

This abridgment by Kenneth Winkler is the best that has ever been done. Winkler's judgment as to what must be kept and what may be dropped is unerring, and his literary skill has enabled him to fashion a text that reads smoothly. An illuminating Introduction and comprehensive glossary enhance the value of this volume for students. --Vere Chappell, University of Massachusetts, Amherst

Locke's Essay is a massive, scarcely organized work that is easy for students to get lost in and difficult for teachers to lend coherence to. But Winkler's abridgment succeeds remarkably at bringing out the underlying structure of Locke's masterpiece without sacrificing any of the long and important passages that put the meat on that structure. I didn't think this could be done until I came across Winkler's abridgment. It certainly makes teaching Locke much easier, since it makes the structure of the Essay more apparent, and leaves the teacher thus freer to concentrate on the details of the text. I know of no passages from the Essay left out of this abridgment that I would prefer to use in a lower-level class. If anything, I would have made the abridgment shorter still. But to my knowledge, nobody has yet done a better job than Winkler. --Michael Rolf, University of Pennsylvania