This book provides readers with the latest developments in materials science research. Topics covered include research on the main achievements, drawbacks and applicable scope of two-dimensional layered crystals; polyethylene/sepiolite nanocomposites; the development of ultrasonic signal processing techniques for the testing of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP); analytical techniques for the characterization of historical building materials; precise damage diagnosis as a vital element in stone conservation and sustainable monument preservation; various methods developed for the synthesis and applications of zeolitic materials; a novel tool for tuning optical properties and a review of the importance of pure iron nanophase powders and its various applications.