Materials science encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including research on polybenzimidazoles polymer synthesis and applications; N-type diamond materials; transparent conducting oxides for thin film solar cells; valorisation of gneiss rock powder waste in ceramic materials; and metal-on-metal hip protheses.