Under Western Eyes: Everyman's Library Classics & Contemporary Classics, cartea

en Limba Engleză Hardback – 31 oct 1991

Describes a band of frustrated revolutionary exiles in Geneva. This book is a study of individuals under pressure, and it remains a telling account of the fugitive life - especially in its portrait of Razumov, heir to the long line of Russian anti-heroes in Gogol, Dostoyevsky and Turgenev.

In the first decade of the twentieth century, Conrad wrote three political novels that have had constant influence on the way we look at contemporary history. The third of these, Under Western Eyes, is the eternally pertinent story of Russian radicals exiled in Geneva, those who spy on them, and the iron links that chain them to each other and to their motherland.

Introduction by Cedric Watts

(Book Jacket Status: Not Jacketed)

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780679405542
ISBN-10: 0679405542
Pagini: 477
Dimensiuni: 131 x 221 x 29 mm
Greutate: 0.56 kg
Editura: Everyman's Library
Seria Everyman's Library Classics & Contemporary Classics

Extras

To begin with I wish to disclaim the possession of those high gifts of imagination and expression which would have enabled my pen to create for the reader the personality of the man who called himself, after the Russian custom, Cyril son of Isidor—Kirylo Sidorovitch—Razumov.

If I have ever had these gifts in any sort of living form they have been smothered out of existence a long time ago under a wilderness of words. Words, as is well known, are the great foes of reality. I have been for many years a teacher of languages. It is an occupation which at length becomes fatal to whatever share of imagination, observation, and insight an ordinary person may be heir to. To a teacher of languages there comes a time when the world is but a place of many words and man appears a mere talking animal not much more wonderful than a parrot.

This being so, I could not have observed Mr. Razumov or guessed at his reality by the force of insight, much less have imagined him as he was. Even to invent the mere bald facts of his life would have been utterly beyond my powers. But I think that without this declaration the readers of these pages will be able to detect in the story the marks of documentary evidence. And that is perfectly correct. It is based on a document; all I have brought to it is my knowledge of the Russian language, which is sufficient for what is attempted here. The document, of course, is something in the nature of a journal, a diary, yet not exactly that in its actual form. For instance, most of it was not written up from day to day, though all the entries are dated. Some of these entries cover months of time and extend over dozens of pages. All the earlier part is a retrospect, in a narrative form, relating to an event which took place about a year before.

I must mention that I have lived for a long time in Geneva. A whole quarter of that town, on account of many Russians residing there, is called La Petite Russie—Little Russia. I had a rather extensive connexion in Little Russia at that time. Yet I confess that I have no comprehension of the Russian character. The illogicality of their attitude, the arbitrariness of their conclusions, the frequency of the exceptional, should present no difficulty to a student of many grammars; but there must be something else in the way, some special human trait—one of those subtle differences that are beyond the ken of mere professors. What must remain striking to a teacher of languages is the Russians’ extraordinary love of words. They gather them up; they cherish them, but they don’t hoard them in their breasts; on the contrary, they are always ready to pour them out by the hour or by the night with an enthusiasm, a sweeping abundance, with such an aptness of application sometimes that, as in the case of very accomplished parrots, one can’t defend oneself from the suspicion that they really understand what they say. There is a generosity in their ardour of speech which removes it as far as possible from common loquacity; and it is ever too disconnected to be classed as eloquence. . . . But I must apologize for this digression.

It would be idle to inquire why Mr. Razumov has left this record behind him. It is inconceivable that he should have wished any human eye to see it. A mysterious impulse of human nature comes into play here. Putting aside Samuel Pepys, who has forced in this way the door of immortality, innumerable people, criminals, saints, philosophers, young girls, statesmen, and simple imbeciles, have kept self-revealing records from vanity no doubt, but also from other more inscrutable motives. There must be a wonderful soothing power in mere words since so many men have used them for self-communion. Being myself a quiet individual I take it that what all men are really after is some form or perhaps only some formula of peace. Certainly they are crying loud enough for it at the present day. What sort of peace Kirylo Sidorovitch Razumov expected to find in the writing up of his record it passeth my understanding to guess.

The fact remains that he has written it.

Mr. Razumov was a tall, well-proportioned young man, quite unusually dark for a Russian from the Central Provinces. His good looks would have been unquestionable if it had not been for a peculiar lack of fineness in the features. It was as if a face modelled vigorously in wax (with some approach even to a classical correctness of type) had been held close to a fire till all sharpness of line had been lost in the softening of the material. But even thus he was sufficiently good-looking. His manner, too, was good. In discussion he was easily swayed by argument and authority. With his younger compatriots he took the attitude of an inscrutable listener, a listener of the kind that hears you out intelligently and then—just changes the subject.

This sort of trick, which may arise either from intellectual insufficiency or from an imperfect trust in one’s own convictions, procured for Mr. Razumov a reputation of profundity. Amongst a lot of exuberant talkers, in the habit of exhausting themselves daily by ardent discussion, a comparatively taciturn personality is naturally credited with reserve power. By his comrades at the St. Petersburg University, Kirylo Sidorovitch Razumov, third year’s student in philosophy, was looked upon as a strong nature—an altogether trustworthy man. This, in a country where an opinion may be a legal crime visited by death or sometimes by a fate worse than mere death, meant that he was worthy of being trusted with forbidden opinions. He was liked also for his amiability and for his quiet readiness to oblige his comrades even at the cost of personal inconvenience.

Mr. Razumov was supposed to be the son of an Archpriest and to be protected by a distinguished nobleman—perhaps of his own distant province. But his outward appearance accorded badly with such humble origin. Such a descent was not credible. It was, indeed, suggested that Mr. Razumov was the son of an Archpriest’s pretty daughter—which, of course, would put a different complexion on the matter. This theory also rendered intelligible the protection of the distinguished nobleman. All this, however, had never been investigated maliciously or otherwise. No one knew or cared who the nobleman in question was. Razumov received a modest but very sufficient allowance from the hands of an obscure attorney, who seemed to act as his guardian in some measure. Now and then he appeared at some professor’s informal reception. Apart from that Razumov was not known to have any social relations in the town. He attended the obligatory lectures regularly and was considered by the authorities as a very promising student. He worked at home in the manner of a man who means to get on, but did not shut himself up severely for that purpose. He was always accessible, and there was nothing secret or reserved in his life.

From the Trade Paperback edition.

Descriere

Conrad deftly depicts both the political turmoil in Russia in 1911 and its psychological repercussions in this novel about a student unwittingly caught in revolutionary intrigue. Attending St. Petersburg University, and industriously preparing himself for a career in the czarist bureaucracy, Razumov suddenly finds himself enmeshed in a secret plot. This newly edited version of one of Conrad's classic works demonstrates the turn-of-the-century writer's extraordinary grasp of traditional Russian literature and thought.

Notă biografică

Joseph Conrad (3 December 1857 - 3 August 1924) was a Polish-British writer regarded as one of the greatest novelists to write in the English language. Though he did not speak English fluently until his twenties, he was a master prose stylist who brought a non-English sensibility into English literature Conrad wrote stories and novels, many with a nautical setting, that depict trials of the human spirit in the midst of what he saw as an impassive, inscrutable universe Conrad is considered an early modernist, though his works contain elements of 19th-century realism. His narrative style and anti-heroic characters have influenced numerous authors, and many films have been adapted from, or inspired by, his works. Numerous writers and critics have commented that Conrad's fictional works, written largely in the first two decades of the 20th century, seem to have anticipated later world events. Writing near the peak of the British Empire, Conrad drew, among other things, on his native Poland's national experiences and on his own experiences in the French and British merchant navies, to create short stories and novels that reflect aspects of a European-dominated world-including imperialism and colonialism-and that profoundly explore the human psyche.

Recenzii

Joseph Conrad's last overtly political novel, Under Western Eyes is considered to be one of his greatest works. Set in pre-Revolutionary Russia, the novel tells the story of a young student involuntarily involved in an assassination and explores themes of terrorism, surveillance, and the suffering of ordinary people caught up in political strife.The critical introduction and appendices to this Broadview Edition provide context for Conrad's political views, as well as Eastern European anarchism and terrorism. Appendices include Conrad's letters on the novel's composition, reviews of the novel, and contemporary accounts of a political assassination.
“A century after its publication, Under Western Eyes is as compelling and as relevant to our own age as it was to an earlier age of political terrorism. John Peters’ introduction and ample appendices offer a magisterial guide to the composition of this novel, which Conrad struggled to complete at the cost of his own mental health, and to the revolutionary struggles that were an integral part of the political, social, and intellectual crises of the decade leading up to the First World War. Like other Broadview Editions, which never skimp on the materials that make for a thorough understanding of the text, this edition of Under Western Eyes is the one to read.” — Sanford Schwartz, Pennsylvania State University
“This new edition of Under Western Eyes will significantly enhance our understanding of the novel. Peters’ introduction is lucid, informative, and extremely well written. The appendices are superbly chosen. Together, they clarify why and how Conrad wrote the novel, and why it was such a major challenge for him, artistically, personally, and psychologically. The scholarly apparatus is brilliantly done; it is concise, compelling, well written, and illuminating. Any and all readers of the novel, even those who think they already know it well, will benefit enormously from this edition.” — Stephen Ross, University of Victoria

Cuprins

Acknowledgements
Introduction
Joseph Conrad: A Brief Chronology
A Note on the Text
Under Western Eyes
Appendix A: Selected Letters

To John Galsworthy (6 January 1908)
To J.B. Pinker (7 January 1908)
To John Galsworthy (30 November 1908)
To Stephen Reynolds (18 December 1908)
To Perceval Gibbon (11 or 18 September 1909)
To Perceval Gibbon (19 December 1909)
To John Galsworthy (22 December 1909)
To J.B. Pinker (12 January 1910)
To John Galsworthy (17 May 1910)
To John Galsworthy (15 October 1911)
To Edward Garnett (20 October 1911)
To Olivia Rayne Garnett (20 October 1911)
To Macdonald Hastings (24 December 1916)

Appendix B: Contemporary Reviews

Anonymous, “Betrayal,” The Pall Mall Gazette (11 October 1911)
[Edward Garnett], “Mr. Conrad’s New Novel,” The Nation (21 October 1911)
Anonymous, “New Novels,” The Athenæum (21 October 1911)
Anonymous, “Under Western Eyes by Joseph Conrad,” The Academy (2 December 1911)
Frederic Taber Cooper, “The Clothing of Thoughts and Some Recent Novels,” The Bookman (December 1911)
Anonymous, “Under Western Eyes by Joseph Conrad,” Catholic World (January 1912)
Anonymous, “Recent Fiction and the Critics,” Current Literature (February 1912)

Appendix C: Contemporary Accounts of the Assassination of de Pleve

Anonymous, “Assassination of M. De Plehve: A Bomb Hurled in St. Petersburg,” The Times (29 July 1904)
Anonymous, “The Murder of M. De Plehve,” The Times (1 August 1904)
Anonymous, “The Murder of M. De Plehve (From Our Russian Correspondents),” The Times (2 August 1904)
Anonymous, “The Assassination of M. de Plehve,” The Illustrated London News (6 August 1904)
From E.J. Dillon, The Eclipse of Russia (1918)
From Boris Savinkov, Memoirs of a Terrorist (1931)

Appendix D: Illustrations of the Assassination of de Pleve

Viacheslav Konstantinovich de Pleve, Russian Minister of the Interior
Egor Sazanov, Assassin of de Pleve
de Pleve’s Exploded Carriage (view one)
de Pleve’s Exploded Carriage (view two)

Appendix E: The Central Committee of the Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries, “To the Whole Russian Peasantry” (July 1904)
Appendix F: Joseph Conrad, “Autocracy and War” (1905)
Select Bibliography

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