In the years before Indian Independence in 1947, the Nagas of Northeast India came to exemplify an exotic society. Peoples of the Hills, radically different in culture and beliefs from the better-known Hindu peoples of the plains, they were renowned for their fierce resistance to British rule and for their former practice of head-taking. Although sharing many social and cultural traits, such as feast-giving as a means of acquiring status, the thousands of small Naga villages, perched on isolated hill spurs, seemed often to be very different from each other.

They adopted different political systems, ranging from the egalitarian to the autocratic, and spoke more than a dozen mutually unintelligible languages. Appearing to be both one people and many tribes, the Nagas displayed both unity and diversity in their dress and ornament. Their vibrant material culture is generously illustrated in this book in colour photographs that display their textiles, basketry, jewelry, weapons, metalwork and carvings.

The artefacts are examined in their full historical and anthropological context. Drawing on a diverse range of historical materials, an examination of how the notion of tribes came to be applied to the "Nagas" is linked to its subsequent importance in the development of contemporary Naga nationalism. A wealth of documentary field photographs complements this fascinating look at the Naga Peoples of Northeast India.