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The Ends of Harm: The Moral Foundations of Criminal Law de Victor Tadros

The Ends of Harm: The Moral Foundations of Criminal Law: Oxford Legal Philosophy

Autor Victor Tadros
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 15 sep 2011

Reținem un fapt alarmant care stă la baza acestei analize riguroase: în fiecare an, statele democratice moderne privează de libertate mii de cetățeni, provocând distrugerea relațiilor sociale și pierderea locurilor de muncă, totul cu un efort financiar public colosal. În acest context, The Ends of Harm nu este doar o analiză juridică, ci o interogație morală profundă asupra modului în care o democrație poate justifica violența instituționalizată. Ne-a atras atenția modul în care Victor Tadros respinge dihotomia clasică dintre retributivism (pedeapsa ca scop în sine) și consecvențialism (pedeapsa ca mijloc de descurajare), propunând în schimb „perspectiva datoriei”. Autorul argumentează că permisiunea statului de a pedepsi derivă direct din datoriile pe care infractorul le dobândește prin actul său: datoria de a recunoaște eroarea morală și cea de a proteja comunitatea împotriva recidivei. Ca și Hyman Gross în Crime and Punishment, autorul distilează experiență reală în principii acționabile, însă Victor Tadros merge mai departe, integrând o teorie morală non-consecvențialistă care impune constrângeri etice stricte asupra modului în care statul poate urmări „binele comun”. Această lucrare continuă cercetările sale anterioare din Criminal Responsibility și The Boundaries of the Criminal Law, rafinând conceptele de responsabilitate și criminalizare. Merită menționat că structura narativă a cărții face o paralelă inedită între mecanismele autoapărării și cele ale pedepsei penale, oferind o bază logică solidă pentru utilizarea forței în dreptul public.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780199554423
ISBN-10: 0199554420
Pagini: 384
Dimensiuni: 163 x 236 x 30 mm
Greutate: 0.75 kg
Editura: OUP OXFORD
Colecția OUP Oxford
Seria Oxford Legal Philosophy

Locul publicării:Oxford, United Kingdom

De ce să citești această carte

Această carte este esențială pentru specialiștii în drept penal și filozofie politică. Veți învăța să priviți pedeapsa nu ca pe o răzbunare sau o simplă metodă de descurajare, ci ca pe o obligație morală a infractorului față de societate. Este o lectură densă care oferă argumente noi pentru legitimarea sistemului judiciar, fiind utilă celor care doresc să înțeleagă fundamentele etice din spatele gratiilor.

Despre autor

Victor Tadros este un reputat teoretician al dreptului, activând în prezent ca lector în cadrul Universității din Edinburgh. Expertiza sa se concentrează pe intersecția dintre filozofia morală și dreptul penal, fiind o voce de referință în dezbaterile contemporane despre criminalizare și etica războiului. Lucrările sale, precum Wrongs and Crimes sau To Do, To Die, To Reason Why, sunt recunoscute pentru rigoarea analitică și pentru capacitatea de a redefini concepte fundamentale precum responsabilitatea juridică și limitele intervenției statului în libertatea individuală.

Descriere

Every modern democratic state imprisons thousands of offenders every year, depriving them of their liberty, causing them a great deal of psychological and sometimes physical harm. Relationships are destroyed, jobs are lost, the risk of the offender being harmed by other offenders is increased and all at great expense to the state.How can this brutal and costly enterprise be justified? Traditionally, philosophers answering this question have argued either that the punishment of wrongdoers is a good in itself (retributivism), or that it is a regrettable means to a valuable end, such as the deterrence of future wrongdoing, and thus justifiable on consequentialist grounds. This book offers a critical examination of those theories and advances a new argument for punishment's justification, calling it the 'duty view'. On this view, the permission to punish offenders is grounded in the duties that they incur in virtue of their wrongdoing. The most important duties that ground the justification of punishment are the duty to recognize that the offender has done wrong and the duty to protect others against wrongdoing. In the light of these duties the state has a permission to punish offenders to ensure that they recognize that what they have done is wrong, but also to protect others from crime. In contrast to other justifications of punishment grounded in deterrence, the duty view is developed in the light of a non-consequentialist moral theory: a theory which endorses constraints on the pursuit of the good. It is shown that it is normally wrong to harm a person as a means to pursue a greater good. However, there are exceptions to this principle in cases where the person harmed has an enforceable duty to pursue the good. The implications of this idea are explored both in the context of self-defence, and then in the context of punishment. Through the systematic exploration of the relationship between self-defence and punishment, the book makes significant progress in defending a plausible set of non-consequentialist moral principles that justify the punishment of wrongdoers, and marks a significant contribution to the philosophical literature on punishment.

Recenzii

Anyone who performs the seemingly impossible task of providing a plausible account of criminal punishment, especially a hybrid account that accommodates both deterrent and dentological intuitions, should be applauded ... I admire the ambition, the scope, and the ingenuity of Tadros's Duty and Theory of Punishment
A stimulating, original and well-written account that prompts a reconsideration of the existing foundation of punishment.
Tadros has put his agile, analytical mind to work to solve a problem that should be of central concern to all of us. And in that spirit, his work should be read and celebrated.
If Tadros is right, philosophers of punishment must be moral and political philosophers too, and their philosophical horizons must expand accordingly. That it doubles as an attempt to meet this challenge makes ^iThe End of Harm^r an invigorating read.
Victor Tadros has produced a powerful and highly original moral justification for a practice of state punishment that would be more purposeful and humane than any presently existing system of criminal punishment. He argues with great cogency that the permissibility of punishment and the permissibility of self-defense have their common source in the enforcement of duties that wrongdoers owe to their victims. In the course of meticulously defending these comprehensive accounts of the right to punish and the right of self-defense, he illuminates a range of central issues in normative ethics, political philosophy, and legal theory. The Ends of Harm presents a profound and brilliant challenge both to our institutions of punishment and to our traditional ways of justifying them.
Victor Tadros is one of the brightest, most inventive theorists working on the morality of punishment, and his admirable insight and creativity are on full display in this very impressive book.
Tadros's new book makes striking and original contributions not only to penal theory, but to moral philosophy more broadly. Starting from a vivid reminder of just how morally problematic the practice of state punishment is, he develops an instrumentalist account of punishment as general deterrence, but does so on the basis of a firmly non-instrumentalist, Kantian moral theory to which the idea of respect for persons (along with the 'means principle' that forbids treating people as means) is central. The key new idea here is that those who commit crimes acquire duties to their victims, including the duty to protect them against future harm; this, Tadros argues, can then justify the imposition of deterrent punishments as a way of enforcing those protective duties.
The book is rife with intriguing insights, original ideas but also new twists on old ones, and important and far-reaching arguments. Despite this wealth of content, however, Tadros keeps his eyes on the prize and the basic argument is precise, concise and admirably clearly developed.

Notă biografică

Victor Tadros is Professor of Criminal Law and Legal Theory at the University of Warwick. Prior to his appointment at Warwick he held positions at the Universities of Aberdeen and Edinburgh. He has written on criminal responsibility, criminal offences, criminal trials, the presumption of innocence, just war theory, and various aspects of moral and political philosophy. He is currently engaged in a major project on criminalization with Antony Duff, Lindsay Farmer, Sandra Marshall, and Massimo Renzo, funded by the AHRC for which he is currently writing a book entitled Wrongs and Crimes.