Sensor Systems for Environmental Monitoring

1 Fibre optic sensors.- 1.1 Introduction to fibre optics.- 1.2 Physical principles of fibre optic chemical sensors.- 1.3 Sensor construction and basic types.- 1.4 Examples of fibre optic sensors for environmental applications.- 1.5 Conclusion.- References.- 2 Integrated optic sensors.- 2.1 Introduction to integrated optics.- 2.2 Fabrication of integrated optic devices.- 2.3 Sensor techniques in integrated optics.- 2.4 Applications of integrated optic devices for environmental sensing.- 2.5 Conclusions.- References.- 3 Laser-based sensors.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Laser mass spectrometry.- 3.3 Laser remote sensing.- 3.4 Applications of LIDAR.- 3.5 DIAL.- 3.6 Laser absorption spectroscopy.- References.- 4 Electrochemical sensors.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Voltammetric and potentiometrie techniques.- 4.3 Microelectrode voltammetric sensors.- 4.4 Thick film sensors.- 4.5 Ion-selective electrodes.- 4.6 Summary.- References.- 5 Gas sensors and analysers.- 5.1 Gas sensors.- 5.2 Principles of gas detection.- 5.3 Catalytic oxidation gas sensors.- 5.4 Thermal conductivity pellistors.- 5.5 Taguchi sintered semiconductor sensors.- 5.6 Recent developments.- 5.7 Zirconia devices.- 5.8 Organic conductors.- 5.9 Conducting polymer sensors.- 5.10 Electrochemical cells for gas sensing.- 5.11 Gas analysers.- 5.12 Conclusions.- References.- 6 Piezoelectric sensors.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Piezoelectric crystal theory.- 6.3 Instrumentation.- 6.4 Gas analysis.- 6.5 Piezoelectric aerosol sensors.- 6.6 Piezoelectric crystal liquid sensors.- 6.7 PZ sensor coatings operating in liquids.- References.- 7 Biosensor devices.- 7.1 General introduction.- 7.2 The enzyme electrode.- 7.3 Preparation of the immobilised enzyme layer.- 7.4 Theoretical considerations for amperometric enzyme electrodes.- 7.5 Enzyme electrodes for substances of environmental interest.- 7.6 Whole cell sensors.- 7.7 Immunosensors.- 7.8 Schemes for electrochemical/electrical immunosensors.- 7.9 Conclusions.- References.- 8 Automated measurement.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 General principles.- 8.3 Analogue interfacing.- 8.4 Digital interfacing.- 8.5 Hardware aspects.- 8.6 Software.- 8.7 Summary.- Further reading.