This theses reports on an experimental search for an exotic hadron, Θ⁺(1540) pentaquark, which is a genuine exotic hadron with a five-quark system of uudds^bar. The results of this book support that the existence of Θ⁺ was strongly constrained. 
The Θ⁺ pentaquark was searched for via the π^- p → K^- X reaction using a beam momentum of 2.01 GeV/c at the J-PARC hadron experimental facility, taking advantage of high-statistics and high-resolution compared with previous experiments, some of which claimed the evidence of Θ⁺. In order to realize a good missing-mass resolution of 2 MeV, the beam spectrometer and superconducting kaon spectrometer were constructed.
No clear peak was observed in the missing mass spectrum of the π^- p → K^- X reaction, and the upper limit of the production cross section was found to be less than 0.28 μb/sr at the 90% confidence level in a mass region of 1500–1560 MeV/c². This upper limit is an order of magnitude smaller than that of the previous KEK experiment. Compared with a theoretical calculation using the effective Lagrangian approach, the decay width of Θ⁺ was evaluated. The upper limits on the decay width were estimated to be 0.36 and 1.9 MeV for the Θ⁺ spin-parity of 1/2⁺ and 1/2^-, respectively. These are quite small for a width of ordinary hadron resonances, and the existence of Θ⁺ was strongly constrained and is doubtful.