This book describes classical and potential PET radiopharmaceuticals (PET-RPs) which can provide high-resolution 5D images in-vivo to simultaneously diagnose and treat the patient. This novel (theranostic) approach avoids futile therapies, unnecessary radiation exposure, and saves a lot of time, money, and energy. The most significant challenge is to properly build Cyclotron & PET RPs labs. Existing books offer insufficient knowledge to accomplish the full potential of these highly specialized, expansive, and sophisticated labs, demanding in-depth knowledge, confidence, cooperation, a mutual understanding, adjustment, time management, team effort, patience, resilience, and dedication. A systematic approach is provided to integrate Cyclotron and PET-RPS labs, run the cyclotron properly, resolve technical problems efficiently, and maintain quality control (QC) without being exposed to an unnecessary radiation hazard due to repetitive run failure, innocence, ignorance, negligence, misconception, misunderstanding, and/or overconfidence. Described QC experiments can be globally reproduced in other labs. The contents provided are thought-provoking and motivate cyclotron engineers, basic scientists, radiopharmaceutical scientists, radiopharmacists, and physicians to develop novel PET-RPs in this challenging the era of Nanotheranostics. The most recent knowledge of potential PET-RPs in the early theranostics of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, drug addiction, obesity, neurobehavioral disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic inflammatory illnesses is provided with currently limited treatment options. This unique, informative, and timely released book will act as a helpful guide; it is an applied textbook for basic biomedical students, scientists, researchers, teachers, doctors, administrators, and affiliated staff involved in current and future development of novel PET-RPs to accomplish personalized theranostics.