Phytoremediation, which involves the use of plants and rhizospheric organisms for the removal of pollutants, is an emerging technology for the clean up of contaminated sites. The removal of textile dyes mediated by plants has been one of the most neglected areas of phytoremediation research. Dyes, which are primary constituents of the wastes from textile industry effluents, constitute a group of recalcitrant compounds, many of which are known to have toxic and carcinogenic effects. This book focuses on the studies of the mechanisms adopted by plants in the removal of textile dyes and the future scope for research in this area, which will help in broadening the horizons of phytoremediation technologies.