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Physical Fluid Dynamics de D. J. Tritton

Physical Fluid Dynamics: The Modern University in Physics Series

Autor D. J. Tritton
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 1977

Metodologia abordată de D. J. Tritton în Physical Fluid Dynamics se distinge printr-o prioritizare clară a fenomenologiei în fața formalismului abstract. Ne-a atras atenția modul în care autorul echilibrează analiza riguroasă a ecuațiilor de mișcare cu o documentare experimentală vastă. Structura este concepută pentru a construi o înțelegere intuitivă: volumul debutează cu o prezentare non-matematică a configurațiilor de flux, permițând cititorului să vizualizeze mecanica fluidelor înainte de a trece la derivările complexe ale ecuațiilor Navier-Stokes. Pe linia practică a lucrării Incompressible Fluid Dynamics de P. A. Davidson, dar cu un focus mai pronunțat pe fizica experimentală și geofizică, textul lui Tritton integrează numeroase fotografii care servesc drept dovezi empirice pentru teoriile discutate. Cuprinsul relevă o progresie logică, de la curgerea prin conducte (Pipe and Channel Flow) și numărul Reynolds, până la instabilități și convecția în straturi orizontale. Această a doua ediție extinde substanțial secțiunile despre separarea fluxului și introduce concepte moderne de haos dinamic, esențiale pentru înțelegerea tranziției către turbulență. Subliniem rigoarea cu care sunt tratate condițiile la limită și cinematica fluidelor, elemente de arhitectură teoretică ce fac din această carte un instrument de lucru indispensabil pentru cei care studiază comportamentul real al fluidelor în mișcare.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780442301323
ISBN-10: 0442301324
Pagini: 362
Ilustrații: XVI, 362 p. 66 illus.
Dimensiuni: 152 x 229 x 20 mm
Greutate: 0.51 kg
Editura: SPRINGER NETHERLANDS
Colecția Springer
Seria The Modern University in Physics Series

Locul publicării:Dordrecht, Netherlands

Public țintă

Research

De ce să citești această carte

Recomandăm această lucrare studenților și inginerilor care au nevoie de o punte solidă între teoria matematică și realitatea experimentală. Veți câștiga o înțelegere profundă a fenomenelor de instabilitate și turbulență, susținută de exemple vizuale și date concrete din geofizică. Este o resursă fundamentală pentru oricine dorește să stăpânească mecanica fluidelor dincolo de simplele rezolvări de ecuații.

Descriere scurtă

To classify a book as 'experimental' rather than 'theoretical' or as 'pure' rather than 'applied' is liable to imply umeal distinctions. Nevertheless, some Classification is necessary to teIl the potential reader whether the book is for him. In this spirit, this book may be said to treat fluid dynamies as a branch of physics, rather than as a branch of applied mathematics or of engineering. I have often heard expressions of the need for such a book, and certainly I have feIt it in my own teaching. I have written it primariIy for students of physics and of physics-based applied science, aIthough I hope others may find it useful. The book differs from existing 'fundamental' books in placing much greater emphasis on what we know through laboratory experiments and their physical interpretation and less on the mathe­ matieal formalism. It differs from existing 'applied' books in that the choice of topics has been made for the insight they give into the behaviour of fluids in motion rather than for their practical importance. There are differences also from many existing books on fluid dynamics in the branches treated, reflecting to some extent shifts of interest in reeent years. In particular, geophysical and astrophysical applications have prompted important fundamental developments in topics such as conveetion, stratified flow, and the dynamics of rotating fluids. These developments have hitherto been reflected in the contents of textbooks only to a limited extent.

Cuprins

1. Introduction.- 1.1 Preamble.- 1.2 Scope of book.- 1.3 Notation and definitions.- 2. Pipe and Channel Flow.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Laminar flow theory: channel.- 2.3 Laminar flow theory: pipe.- 2.4 The Reynolds number.- 2.5 The entry length.- 2.6 Transition to turbulent flow.- 2.7 Relationship between flow rate and pressure gradient.- 3. Flow Past a Circular Cylinder.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 The Reynolds number.- 3.3 Flow patterns.- 3.4 Drag.- 4. Convection in Horizontal Layers.- 4.1 The configuration.- 4.2 Onset of motion.- 4.3 Flow regimes.- 5. Equations of Motion.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Fluid particles and continuum mechanics.- 5.3 Eulerian and Langrangian co-ordinates.- 5.4 Continuity equation.- 5.5 The substantive derivative.- 5.6 The Navier—Stokes equation.- 5.7 Boundary conditions.- 5.8 Condition for incompressibility.- Appendix: Derivation of viscous term of dynamical equation.- 6. Further Basic Ideas.- 6.1 Streamlines, streamtubes, particle paths and streaklines.- 6.2 Computations for flow past a circular cylinder.- 6.3 The stream function.- 6.4 Vorticity.- 6.5 Vorticity equation.- 6.6 Circulation.- 7. Dynamical Similarity.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Condition for dynamical similarity: Reynolds number.- 7.3 Dependent quantities.- 7.4 Other governing non-dimensional parameters.- 8. Low and High Reynolds Numbers.- 8.1 Physical significance of the Reynolds number.- 8.2 Low Reynolds number.- 8.3 High Reynolds number.- 9. Some Solutions of the Viscous Flow Equations.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Poiseuille flow.- 9.3 Rotating Couette flow.- 9.4 Stokes flow past a sphere.- 9.5 Low Reynolds number flow past a cylinder.- 10. Inviscid Flow.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Kelvin circulation theorem.- 10.3 Irrotational motion.- 10.4 Bernoulli’s equation.- 10.5 Drag in inviscidflow: d’Alembert’s ‘paradox’.- 10.6 Applications of Bernoulli’s equation.- 10.7 Some definitions.- 11. Boundary Layers and Related Topics.- 11.1 Boundary layer formation.- 11.2 The boundary layer approximation.- 11.3 Zero pressure gradient solution.- 11.4 Boundary layer separation.- 11.5 Drag on bluff bodies.- 11.6 Streamlining.- 11.7 Wakes.- 11.8 Jets.- 11.9 Momentum and energy in viscous flow.- 12. Lift.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Two-dimensional aerofoils.- 12.3 Three-dimensional aerofoils.- 12.4 Spinning bodies.- 13. Thermal Flows: Basic Equations and Concepts.- 13.1 Introduction.- 13.2 Equations of convection.- 13.3 Classification of convective flows.- 13.4 Forced convection.- 13.5 Flow with concentration variations (mass transfer).- 14. Free Convection.- 14.1 Introduction.- 14.2 The governing non-dimensional parameters.- 14.3 The adiabatic temperature gradient.- 14.4 Free convection as a heat engine.- 14.5 Convection from a heated vertical surface.- 14.6 Thermal plumes.- 14.7 Convection in fluid layers.- Appendix: The Boussinesq approximation in free convection.- 15. Flow in Rotating Fluids.- 15.1 Introduction.- 15.2 Centrifugal and Coriolis forces.- 15.3 Geostrophic flow and the Taylor—Proud man theorem.- 15.4 Taylor columns.- 15.5 Ekman layers.- 15.6 Intrinsic stability and inertial waves.- 15.7 Rossby waves.- 15.8 Convection in a rotating annulus.- 16. Stratified Flow.- 16.1 Basic concepts.- 16.2 Blocking.- 16.3 Lee waves.- 16.4 Internal waves.- 16.5 Stratification and rotation.- 17. Instability Phenomena.- 17.1 Introduction.- 17.2 Surface tension instability of a liquid column.- 17.3 Convection due to internal heat generation.- 17.4 Convection due to surface tension variations.- 17.5 Instability of rotating Couette flow.- 17.6 Shear flowinstability.- 18. The Theory of Hydro Dynamic Stability.- 18.1 The nature of linear stability theory.- 18.2 Onset of Bénard convection.- 18.3 Overstability.- 18.4 Rotating Couette flow.- 18.5 Boundary layer stability.- 19. Transition to Turbulence.- 19.1 Boundary layer transition.- 19.2 Transition in jets and other free shear flows.- 19.3 Pipe flow transition.- 20. Turbulence.- 20.1 The nature of turbulent motion.- 20.2 Introduction to the statistical description of turbulent motion.- 20.3 Formulation of the statistical description.- 20.4 Turbulence equations.- 20.5 Calculation methods.- 20.6 Interpretation of correlations.- 20.7 Spectra.- 20.8 The concept of eddies.- 21. Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence.- 21.1 Introduction.- 21.2 Space correlations and the closure problem.- 21.3 Spectra and the energy cascade.- 21.4 Dynamical processes of the energy cascade.- 22. The Structure of Turbulent Flows.- 22.1 Introduction.- 22.2 Reynolds number similarity and self-preservation.- 22.3 Intermittency and entrainment.- 22.4 The structure of a turbulent wake.- 22.5 Turbulent motion near a wall.- 22.6 Large eddies in a boundary layer.- 22.7 The Coanda effect.- 22.8 Stratified shear flows.- 22.9 Reverse transition.- 23. Experimental Methods.- 23.1 General aspects of experimental fluid dynamics.- 23.2 Velocity measurement.- 23.3 Pressure and temperature measurement.- 23.4 Flow visualization.- 24. Practical Situations.- 24.1 Introduction.- 24.2 Cloud patterns.- 24.3 Waves in the atmospheric circulation.- 24.4 Continental drift and convection in the Earth’s mantle.- 24.5 Solar granulation.- 24.6 Effluent dispersal.- 24.7 Wind effects on structures.- 24.8 Boundary layer control: vortex generators.- 24.9 Fluidics.- 24.10 Undulatory swimming.- 24.11 Convection from the human body.-24.12 The flight of a boomerang.- Notation.- Problems.- Bibliography and References.

Descriere

Descriere de la o altă ediție sau format:
The author here presents the dynamics of incompressible flow from the viewpoint of the physicist for the benefit of students and others in a variety of disciplines who need to understand fluid motion. The book will be of value to a wide range of readers, including those in the Earth sciences, physicists, engineers, and applied mathematicians. In this new edition much of the material is new or rewritten but the purpose and style of the first edition are retained. Particular emphasis is given to information obtained by experiment and observation, in addition to analysis of the equations of motion, the book's primary concern is to convey fundamental understanding of the behaviour of fluids in motion. Special features include an introductory non-mathematical treatment of three particular flow configurations: extensive consideration of topics of geophysical importance: an unusually detailed coverage of topics of which our knowledge comes primarily from experimental data; numerous photographs to illustrate the phenomena discussed; and a concluding chapter which demonstrates, by descriptions and photographs of a variety of examples, the wide applicability of fluid mechanics. New topics in this second edition include double diffusive convection and modern ideas about dynamical chaos - mainly but not only in relation to transition to turbulence. The discussion of instabilities has been restructured and the treatments of separation and of convection in horizontal layers much extended.

Recenzii

From reviews of the first edition: 'reminds one of Prandtl's classic, 'Führer durch die Strömungslehre'... well suited as a text for introductory courses addressed to engineering students.' Journal of Fluid Mechanics
'It should be quite straightforward to use Physical Fluid Dynamics as a text for advanced undergraduate or graduate courses...[It] is one of those rare books that offers a qualitative advance over what was available previously.' American Journal of Physics on the first edition.