Packaging can perform three functions: it acts as a container; it helps to protect against damage and spoilage; and it can communicate information about the contents. Packaging discusses these functions in detail and looks at traditional and mechanized packaging systems for use by small-scale producers. Case studies from around the world examine the introduction of improved packaging technology, and there are useful lists of manufacturers and organizations which can help small businesses.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi
PREFACE 1
INTRODUCTION 2
1 The importance of packaging 3
Principles of packaging 4
Health and safety 6
Types of packaging materials 7
Constraints to adequate packaging 7
Packaged food classification 8
Socio-economic considerations 9
2 Traditional food packaging systems 12
Plant materials 12
Animal-based containers 16
Earthenware 16
Wood 16
3 New packaging materials and techniques 18
Paper packaging 18
Metal containers 21
Glass containers 23
Caps and closures 24
Plastics 27
Summary 31
4 Case studies 33
Packaging kitul treacle, Sri Lanka 33
Yoghurt packaging, Sri Lanka 34
Packaging of tea, Peru 34
Cashew nut packaging, Honduras 35
Fruit juice and jam packaging, Ghana 36
Appendix 38
Alternative trading organizations 38
Packaging research institutes 39
Other useful addresses 41
BIBLIOGRAPHY 42