TO APPLIED GEOPHYSICS STANIS LAY MARE~, et al. Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B. V. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Mares, Stanislav Introduction to applied geophysics Translation of Uvod do uzite geofyziky Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Geophysics. 2. Prospecting-Geophysical methods. I. Title QC802. A1M3713 1984 551 84-4753 ISBN 978-90-481-8374-6 ISBN 978-94-015-7684-0 (eBook) DOI 10. 1007/978-94-015-7684-0 AII Rights Reserved © 1984 by Stanislav Mard et al. Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1984 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover lst edition 1984 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner CONTENTS XI INTRODUCTION LIST OF PRINCIPAL SYMBOLS AND UNITS USED XIII CHAPTER I. GRAVIMETRIC METHODS (S. Hrach) I. I. Physical principles of gravimetric methods- Volume gravitational potential I 1. 2. Gravity field of the Earth 3 1. 3. Anomalies of gravitational acceleration-Gravity anomalies 9 1. 3. 1. Faye anomaly-Free-air anomaly 9 1. 3. 2. Bouguer anomalies 10 1. 3. 3. Isostatic anomaly 14 1. 3. 4. Geological significance of anomalies 17 1. 4. Rock densities 19 1. 4. 1. Natural rock densities 20 1. 4. 2. Rock density determination 22 1. 4. 3. Determination of density characteristics 25 25 1. 5. Gravity observations 26 1. 5. 1. Instruments for absolute gravity observations 1. 5. 2.