Co-authored by four high-profile International Relations scholars, this book investigates the implications of the global ascent of China on cross-Strait relations and the identity of Taiwan as a democratic state. Examining the external and internal factors that affect identity formation, the authors consider the overarching question of why a militarily and economically ascendant China would alter Taiwan's identity. Their assessment offers valuable insights into which policies have the best chance of resulting in peaceful relations and prosperity across the Taiwan Strait and builds to a new theory of identity at elite and mass levels.