This book presents the latest developments in world physics, including chapters on the origin, types and prospects of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs); a phenomenological model for studying the acceleration of particles in relativistic shocks and their synchrotron and Compton emission; a new search method of sources of arrival direction particles of ultrahigh energy; a review of the recent works where it is revealed, for the first time, the nuclear spin effects in living Nature; laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIF) techniques, its main principles and applications and its uses in the detection of molecular species such as OH radicals and in direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS); research on the formation of the heterogeneous mangles inside the moon by solar neutrinos; an overview of silica fibers, paying particular attention to their dispersive and nonlinear properties, which have been developed in recent years to enhance the supercontinuum generation; and a demonstration on how the changing of dilatonic coupling function changing in black-hole like solutions could provide some information about model parameters, working within the frames of the gravity model from Einstein-dilaton-Gauss-Bonnet (EDGB) string inspired theory.