Anisotropy is a term used to indicate the directional dependence of a biological, chemical, geometrical, mechanical or physical property of a system that develops in different ways along different spatial axes. This material behaviour is observed in many engineering disciplines, computer graphics, geology and geophysics, medicine, neurosciences and natural sciences. Thus the research approaches within those disciplines accordingly varies. This book has collected contributions of new research developments and the corresponding research results from different disciplines with particular focus on experimental, numerical and theoretical studies of material property variations. Thus, the materials in this book indicate significant directions on new research progresses and are expected to give future research perspectives in anisotropy behaviour.