In both ancient and modern civilisations, honey represents a natural product of great importance with many functional applications. Honey is used simply as a sweetener and is known as a food with significant nutritional properties and as a natural product with valuable therapeutic applications, due to its biological effects, such as an antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory and antiviral. This book focuses on the production, consumption and health benefits of honey and discusses the impact of different honey types on the content of trace materials, composition of phenolic and flavonoid antioxidant activity contributing to human health; high performance liquid chromatography determination of antibiotics in honey; phenolic compounds in honey as health promoters; quality control of honey using spectroscopic methods and medicalisation of honey.