God and Morality evaluates the ethics of four principal philosophers - Aristotle, Duns Scotus, Kant, and R. M. Hare - placing an emphasis on the often circumvented relationship between their ethical theories and theism. While focusing on central concepts such as virtue, will, duty, and consequences, the author never loses sight of the larger context in which these views appear, presenting the work of these philosophers as keys to understanding the historical advancement of ethical thought during four great periods in Western philosophical history. This book defies traditional modes of comparison between these important philosophers by paying close attention not only to differences in their thought, but to significant and sometimes surprising similarities, taking seriously the role of God in their moral theories.