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Fluid Preservation: A Comprehensive Reference de John E. Simmons

Fluid Preservation: A Comprehensive Reference

Autor John E. Simmons
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 22 ian 2026

Considerăm că gestionarea unei colecții de specimene conservate în fluide reprezintă una dintre cele mai mari provocări tehnice și logistice dintr-un muzeu, dată fiind prezența substanțelor periculoase și degradarea inevitabilă în timp. John E. Simmons abordează direct această complexitate prin analiza „paradoxului penetrării și fixării”, un studiu de caz esențial pentru orice curator care trebuie să decidă între viteza de pătrundere a unui fixativ și calitatea conservării structurale a specimenului. Cartea demonstrează că nu există o soluție universală, ci o serie de decizii fundamentate pe chimia amestecurilor de alcool, glicerină sau acizi.

Suntem de părere că această lucrare ocupă un loc central în opera autorului. Dacă în Museum Registration Methods sau Things Great and Small, John E. Simmons stabilea standardele generale de politici muzeale, în Fluid Preservation el coboară în laborator, oferind un manual tehnic exhaustiv. Ca și William H. Yong în Biobanking, autorul distilează experiență reală în principii acționabile, însă se diferențiază prin perspectiva istorică vastă, acoperind rețete de conservare de acum trei secole care încă pun probleme specialiștilor de azi. Structura cărții este riguros organizată, pornind de la istoria recipientelor de sticlă și evoluția etil-alcoolului, trecând prin chimia fixării și ajungând la managementul riscurilor de sănătate.

Ne-a atras atenția în mod deosebit modul în care Simmons conectează rigoarea științifică de cultura vizuală, dedicând spațiu analizei specimenelor ca obiecte de artă contemporană. Este prima dată când un volum tehnic de o asemenea anvergură reușește să sintetizeze peste 900 de surse bibliografice pentru a oferi un standard de bune practici într-un domeniu marcat adesea de confuzie și metode empirice transmise oral.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9798216366720
Pagini: 328
Ilustrații: 31 bw images, 24 tables
Dimensiuni: 180 x 258 x 26 mm
Greutate: 0.86 kg
Ediția:2nd edition
Editura: Bloomsbury Publishing
Colecția Bloomsbury Academic
Locul publicării:New York, United States

De ce să citești această carte

Această carte este resursa definitivă pentru curatori, conservatori și manageri de colecții de istorie naturală sau medicină. Cititorul câștigă acces la protocoale clare de fixare și conservare, actualizate cu cercetări moderne despre extracția de ADN. Este un instrument indispensabil pentru oricine gestionează specimene biologice, oferind soluții practice pentru înlocuirea substanțelor toxice și securizarea pe termen lung a patrimoniului muzeal.

Descriere

This revised edition of Fluid Preservation: A Comprehensive Reference has been updated with a wealth of new research published during the last decade on preserving specimens in alcohol, formaldehyde, and other fluids. The text includes an expanded comprehensive bibliography and sections on managing fluid-preserved collections, determining preservative concentration, storage environments, preservation history and techniques, anatomical preparations, health and safety, fluid-preserved specimens in art and history museums, and cultural interpretations of fluid preservation in art, literature, and film. Although fluid preservation has been practiced for more than 350 years, Fluid Preservation: A Comprehensive Reference remains the only reference that thoroughly summarizes current knowledge about this complex and often confusing topic.

Cuprins

Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Boxes
List of Tables
Preface
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1. History of Fluid Preservation
History of Ethyl Alcohol
The Discovery of Preservation of Specimens in Ethyl Alcohol
Instructions for Preserving Specimens in Fluids up to 1800
Instructions for Preserving Specimens in Fluids 1800 to 1900
The Introduction of Formaldehyde
Botanical Fluid Preservation after about 1900
Instructions for Preserving Specimens in Fluids after 1900
Other Fluid Preservatives
Summary
Chapter 2. Fixation
Formaldehyde
Commercial Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde as a Fixative and Preservative
Factors that Affect Fixation
Time and Penetration Rate and Depth
Temperature
Tissue Structure and Composition
Buffering and Fixative pH Range
Concentration
Formaldehyde and the Preservation of DNA
Botanical Fixatives
Narcotization
Fixatives for Botanical Specimens
Lipids and Fixation
Formaldehyde and Field Work
Post-Formaldehyde Fixation Washing
Unwanted Effects of Formaldehyde
Gluteraldehyde
Aldehyde Safety
Alternative and Proprietary Fixatives
Summary
Chapter 3. Preservation
Preservation without Fixation
Transfer between Fluids
Preservative Quality
Botanical Uses of Fluid Preservation
Glycerin
Isopropyl Alcohol
Fluid Preservation of DNA
Evaporation
Anatomical and Histological Fluid Preparations
Mounting Specimens Inside Containers
Glycol, Phenol, and Phenoxetol as Preservatives
Mineral Oil
Universal Fixatives
Criteria for Evaluating Alternative Fixative and Preservative Fluids
Chapter 4. Effects of Fixatives and Preservatives on Specimens
Changes in Body Dimensions and Biomass
Changes in Color
Solvent Extraction by Fixatives and Preservatives
Chapter 5. Managing Fluid-preserved Collections
Standard Operating Procedures
Monitoring Containers, Specimens, and Fluid Preservatives
Monitoring the Storage Environment
Integrated Pest Management
Curators, Collection Managers, and Others
Fluid-Preserved Collection Facilities
Identification of Fluid Preservatives
Determining Fluid Concentration
pH of Preservative Solutions
Preparing Fixatives and Preservatives
Containers and Seals
Labeling
The Storage Environment
Use of Specimens
Topping Up and Replacing Preservatives
Why do Closures Fail?
Microbial Growth in Fluid Collections-Detection and Remediation
Rehabilitation of Fluid-Preserved Collections
Rehydration of Fluid-Preserved Specimens
Moving Fluid-Preserved Collections
Exhibition of Fluid-Preserved Specimens
Old Containers and Old Specimens
Repair of Damaged Fluid-Preserved Specimens
Health and Safety
Alcohol Safety
Formaldehyde Safety
Fire Prevention and Detection
Disaster Preparedness Plans for Fluid-Preserved Collections
Summary
Chapter 6. Fluid-preserved Collections as Cultural Patrimony
Why Preserve Specimens in Fluid?
The Fluid-preserved Human
Fond Memories of Fluid Preservation
Fluid Preservation in Visual Art
Fluid Preservation in Literature
Fluid Preservation in Film
Fluid Preservation in Popular Culture
The Aesthetics and Importance of Fluid Preservation
Literature Cited
Reference Tables
Appendix: Other Fluid Preservation LiteratureIndex
About the Author

Recenzii

Preservation techniques for biological specimens have often been handed down by oral tradition rather than subjected to rigorous scrutiny and long-term evaluation. This volume is an overview of procedures, chemicals, and containers, not a how-to manual. The initial chapter provides an interesting review of the history of preservation of plant/animal specimens, ranging from ancient practices to modern DNA extraction and preservation, and summarizes knowledge about long-term/indefinite fluid preservation of organic materials. Simmons addresses the merits and drawbacks of various protocols, temperatures, preservation fluids, sealants, and container types in preventing postmortem changes in tissues. Post-fixation processing, specimen repair, transfer to newer containers and solutions, and health/safety concerns are also covered. The second half of this volume contains well-organized, extensive tables, including a copious review of the literature, ranging from DNA preservation techniques to cultural references. The largest table is arranged alphabetically by author, with columns for specimen type and helpful directions and comments. Updating much of the information found in earlier books, this well-researched volume will be a valuable addition not only for collections serving museum curators and preservationists but also botanists, zoologists, chemists, and chemical engineers. Summing Up: Highly recommended. All students, researchers/faculty, and professionals/practitioners.
[This] book can be considered essential for all who are responsible for collections in liquid media.
Fluid Preservations is an astounding assemblage of what is knowable through the literature about the fine art - some say voodoo - of keeping organics preserved in chemicals. Simmons guides a reader through a history of best efforts, thereby acknowledging that readers will draw their own rational conclusions when developing best practice(s), while adhering to the caveat to always monitor, record successes and failures, and adapt if/when needed.... This is a compelling read....
This examination of the science behind the fluid preservation of biological specimens is essential reading for curators and conservators alike. There is a wealth of information in this exceptionally well-researched book which is worth buying for the comprehensive reference list alone! John Simmons has also collected anecdotes and misconceptions about fluid preservation which makes his book a suitable read for those outside the small world of museum professionals.
Filled with practical references and recommendations and a bibliography embracing sources from the very beginning of fluid preservation in the early 17th century to DNA preservation, this book summarizes the written knowledge on fixation, preservation, secondary interactions of preservatives and gives valuable information on collection care by exploring available literature far beyond Anglo-American sources. It is more than just a comprehensive reference, it embodies our knowledge of fluid preservation and conveys the most comprehensive practical advice that can be offered, from an author truly devoted to collection care.
John Simmons has created the ultimate reference on the science and mythology of fluid preservation. Thoroughly researched and written with wry wit, it is an indispensable and highly readable resource.