The purpose of this book is to provide the reader with some basic information applicable to cattle feeding. It is intended to adapt some of the basic principles of nutrition in applied form. During the past few decades there have been various changes in type and form of feeds available for livestock feeding due to new kinds of equipment. Mechanization has made it possible to perform certain opera­ tions of the beef production program more efficiently and economically. With all the new innovations and advances in animal nutrition combined with the capabilities of the computer, it becomes very challenging for everyone to keep up to date on the latest information in the field of cattle feeding and production. The text was written with the intent of utilizing the raw materials, facilities, equipment, etc. which are available in the United States. The terminology of certain materials such as feed ingredients will vary from one country to another. One term which is frequently used in this text is forage. Although the term roughage is used more commonly in the United States it has been replaced with forage in this text. J.K. MATSUSHIMA Fort Collins, January 1979 Contents Chapter 1 Nutrients 1 Proximate Feed Analysis 1 Chemical Classification of Nutrients 2 1.1 Water 3 1.1.1 Drinking Water .... ....