Difficult Decisions in Endocrine Surgery: Difficult Decisions in Surgery: An Evidence-Based Approach

>4 cm with benign cytology.- Primary Repair Versus No Repair for Transected Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve.- Surgery Versus Active Surveillance for Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma.- Targeted Therapies in Conjunction with Surgery for Aggressive Thyroid Cancers.- Same-Day Versus Overnight Inpatient Surgery for Total Thyroidectomy.- Prophylactic Versus Selective Central Neck Dissection in Pediatric Papillary Thyroid Cancer.- Can surgery be safely delayed for low-risk papillary thyroid cancer?.- Can genetic testing be used to guide the extent of initial surgical intervention for papillary thyroid cancer?.- Quality of life in thyroid lobectomy versus total thyroidectomy.- Thyroid tissue in lymph nodes: Lateral aberrant thyroid versus metastatic thyroid carcinoma?.- Continued surveillance vs.-  no surveillance after resection of NIFTP.-
Thermal Ablation of Thyroid Neoplasms.- Lobectomy Versus Total Thyroidectomy For Low-Risk Pediatric Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.- Parathyroid.- Four Gland Exploration versus Four Dimensional Computed Tomography in Patients with Nonlocalized Primary Hyperparathyroidism.- Is intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) monitoring necessary in the setting of evolving imaging?.- Lymph Node Dissection versus No Lymph Node Dissection for Parathyroid Cancer.- Early Versus Late Parathyroidectomy for Tertiary (Posttransplant) Hyperparathyroidism.- Observation versus Surgery for Pregnant Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism.- "Normocalcemic Hyperparathyroidism: Surgical Intervention vs.- Continued Observation".- Adrenal.- Lateral Transabdominal Adrenalectomy versus Posterior Retroperitoneal Adrenalectomy.- Bilateral Adrenalectomy Versus Medical Management for Cushing’s Syndrome with Bilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia.- Routine versus Selective Screening for Primary Aldosteronism in Patients with Hypertension.- Optimal Preoperative Management for Pheochromocytoma.- Post-Delivery vs.- Immediate Resection of Pheochromocytoma During Pregnancy.- Diagnosis, Management, and Outcomes of Metastases to the Adrenal Gland.- Pancreas.- Surgery Versus Observation for Asymptomatic Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.- Medical management vs.- surgical exploration for non-localized insulinomas.- Resection of Primary Tumor versus Observation in Metastatic Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumor with Unresectable Distant Disease.- Resection Versus Observation in Patients with Gastrinoma and MEN-1.- Routine Octreotide Versus No Octreotide for Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors with Intraoperative Carcinoid Crisis.