Decoherence de Maximilian A. Schlosshauer

Decoherence

Autor Maximilian A. Schlosshauer

en Limba Engleză Paperback – 13 noi 2010

În cercetarea fizicii contemporane, aplicabilitatea practică a decoerenței a depășit granițele teoretice, devenind un element central în dezvoltarea tehnologiilor de calcul cuantic și în nanoinginerie. În volumul Decoherence, Maximilian A. Schlosshauer propune o sinteză riguroasă a acestui fenomen, tratându-l nu doar ca pe un obstacol în calea procesării informației, ci ca pe o punte fundamentală între substratul cuantic și realitatea macroscopică. Considerăm că această lucrare este esențială pentru cercetătorii care doresc să navigheze între interpretările filosofice ale mecanicii cuantice și rigoarea setărilor experimentale. Textul extinde cadrul propus de Decoherence and the Appearance of a Classical World in Quantum Theory de Erich Joos cu date noi din experimentele recente, oferind o perspectivă actualizată asupra modului în care interacțiunea cu mediul duce la localizarea macroscopică. Structura cărții este concepută pentru a asigura o progresie logică: începe cu formalismul de bază și ecuațiile master, trece prin modelele canonice de spini și oscilatori, și culminează cu analiza observațiilor experimentale directe. Un aspect distinctiv este capitolul dedicat decoerenței în sistemele biologice și creierul cuantic, subiecte adesea tratate superficial în alte manuale. Autorul reușește să mențină o balanță echilibrată între rigoarea matematică necesară unui text de nivel de cercetare și claritatea conceptuală, clarificând neînțelegerile comune privind interpretarea rezultatelor experimentale.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9783642071423
ISBN-10: 3642071422
Pagini: 436
Ilustrații: XV, 418 p.
Dimensiuni: 155 x 235 x 24 mm
Greutate: 0.66 kg
Ediția:Softcover reprint of hardcover 1st edition 2007
Editura: Springer
Locul publicării:Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany

Public țintă

Research

De ce să citești această carte

Recomandăm această carte fizicienilor și doctoranzilor care au nevoie de o înțelegere profundă a tranziției cuantic-clasic. Cititorul câștigă acces la un compendiu care îmbină teoria ecuațiilor master cu dovezi experimentale concrete (SQUID, molecule C60). Este un instrument indispensabil pentru cei care lucrează în informatică cuantică, oferind contextul fizic necesar pentru a înțelege și combate pierderea coerenței în sistemele complexe.

Despre autor

Maximilian A. Schlosshauer este un cercetător recunoscut la nivel internațional în domeniul fundamentelor mecanicii cuantice și al decoerenței. După studii universitare la Universitatea din Freiburg, Germania, și un masterat la Universitatea din Lund, Suedia, acesta și-a obținut doctoratul în fizică la University of Washington, Seattle, sub îndrumarea lui Arthur Fine. Cercetările sale postdoctorale s-au concentrat pe tranziția de la cuantic la clasic, domeniu în care a publicat numeroase lucrări de referință. Expertiza sa vastă, acumulată în centre de cercetare de prestigiu, se reflectă în abordarea multidisciplinară a volumului de față.

Descriere scurtă

Over the course of the past decade, decoherence has become a ubiquitous scienti?c term popular in all kinds of research, from fundamental theories of quantum physics to applications in nanoengineering. Decoherence has been hailed as the solution to long-standing foundational problems dating back to the beginnings of quantum mechanics. It has been cursed as the key obstacle to next-generation technologies, such as quantum computers (another se- ingly omnipresent ?eld of research). And while decoherence has been directly observed in various experiments, its scope and meaning have often been m- understood and misrepresented. Decoherence makes a fantastic subject of research, as it touches upon many di?erent facets of physics, from phi- sophically inclined questions of interpretation all the way to down-to-earth problems in experimental settings and engineering applications. This book will introduce the reader, in an accessible and self-contained manner, to these various fascinating aspects of decoherence. It will focus in particularontherelationofdecoherencetotheso-calledquantum-to-classical transition, i. e. , the question of how decoherence may explain the emergence of the classical appearance of the macroscopic world around us from the underlying quantum substrate. Thescopeofthisbookisrelativelybroadinordertofamiliarizethereader withthemanyfacetsofdecoherence,inboththetheoreticalandexperimental domains. Throughout the book, I have sought to maintain a healthy balance betweentheconceptualideasassociatedwiththedecoherenceprogramonthe one hand and the formal and mathematical details on the other hand. This book will establish a proper understanding of decoherence as a pure quantum phenomenon and will emphasize the importance of the correct interpretation of theconsequences and achievements of decoherence.

Cuprins

Introducing Decoherence.- The Basic Formalism and Interpretation of Decoherence.- Decoherence Is Everywhere: Localization Due to Environmental Scattering.- Master-Equation Formulations of Decoherence.- A World of Spins and Oscillators: Canonical Models for Decoherence.- Of Buckey Balls and SQUIDs: Observing Decoherence in Action.- Decoherence and Quantum Computing.- The Role of Decoherence in Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics.- Observations, the Quantum Brain, and Decoherence.

Recenzii

From the reviews:
"A thorough and readable representation of today's understanding of the topic ... An excellent overview of the various theoretical approaches to the physics that leads to decoherence. A particular strength is that it includes accounts of several experiments demonstrating the decoherence mechanism in detail ... An important resource for anyone interested in decoherence. It is very well written and it will contribute to further conceptual and theoretical development and to new experiments."
Review by Anton Zeilinger, published in Nature 451, 18 (2008)
"An excellent monograph about what the best current thoughts are on the link between quantum and classical physics. … rewarding reading for physicists who do not have the time or the mathematical preparation to delve into all the details. For such readers, the book includes interesting and accessible discussions of recent experiments … . a welcome contribution. The index is well organized to help readers find their way around. And the more than 500 up-to-date references are a bonus for the more interested, persistent reader." (Eugen Merzbacher, Physics Today, September, 2008)

"A very fine tour of the decoherence program in all its facets. ... Schlosshauer's book is highly recommended. ... [He] has written an excellent survey of a field that is of the greatest possible interest for the foundations of quantum physics." (N. P. Landsman, Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, Vol. 40, 2009)

Notă biografică

Maximilian Schlosshauer is an internationally recognized researcher in the foundations of quantum mechanics in general and in quantum decoherence in particular. After completing his undergraduate education at Freiburg University, Germany, he graduated from Lund University, Sweden, with a Master of Science degree in 2001. He received a Ph.D. degree in Physics from the University of Washington in Seattle in 2005. His postgraduate research (with Arthur Fine) was focused on decoherence and the quantum-to-classical transition. He is currently an Australian Research Council Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Physics at the University of Melbourne, Australia. Besides his interest in decoherence and the foundations of quantum mechanics, he has also contributed important research in theoretical biophysics.

Textul de pe ultima copertă

The ultimate introduction, textbook, and reference on decoherence and the quantum-to-classical transition. This detailed but accessible text describes the concepts, formalism, interpretation, and experimental observation of decoherence and explains how decoherence is responsible for the emergence, from the realm of quantum mechanics, of the classical world of our experience.
Topics include:
• Foundational problems at the quantum–classical border;
• The role of the environment and entanglement;
• Environment-induced loss of coherence and superselection;
• Scattering-induced decoherence and spatial localization;
• Master equations;
• Decoherence models;
• Experimental realization of "Schrödinger kittens" and their decoherence;
• Quantum computing, quantum error correction, and decoherence-free subspaces;
• Implications of decoherence for interpretations of quantum mechanics and for the
"measurement problem";
• Decoherence in the brain.
Written in a lucid and concise style that is accessible to all readers with a basic knowledge of quantum mechanics, this stimulating book tells the "classical from quantum" story in a comprehensive and coherent manner that brings together the foundational, technical, and experimental aspects of decoherence. It will be an indispensable resource for newcomers and experts alike.

"Reads like a bestseller. An engaging and intuitive treatment of a very important subject, combining the scope of a monograph with the clarity of a textbook and the intellectual excitement of a Sherlock Holmes adventure."
Wojciech Zurek, Los Alamos
"Everyone who works in the borderlands between quantum and classical physics, from philosophers of physics to quantum-computer technologists, will find much here to stimulate andinspire."
Gerard Milburn, University of Queensland
"A thorough, readable, and very useful account of decoherence theory and its diverse applications. Valuable as a text and as a reference work, both for graduate students and for active researchers in the field."
Steve Adler, IAS, Princeton

Caracteristici

Unique in its wide range of the covered material, this book emphasizes foundational implications without neglecting detailed descriptions of experiments and applications Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras