Cantitate/Preț
Produs
Total produse
Vezi coșul
Critical Thinking: An Introduction to the Basic Skills - Seventh Edition de William Hughes

Critical Thinking: An Introduction to the Basic Skills - Seventh Edition

Autor William Hughes, Jonathan Lavery, Katheryn Doran
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 4 dec 2014
Critical Thinking is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the essential skills of good reasoning. The authors provide a thorough treatment of such central topics as deductive and inductive reasoning, logical fallacies, how to recognize and avoid ambiguity, and how to distinguish what is relevant from what is not. Later chapters discuss the application of critical thinking skills to particular topics and tasks, including scientific reasoning, moral reasoning, legal reasoning, media analysis, and essay writing. The book also provides complimentary access to a companion website containing additional questions, flashcards, and other useful critical thinking resources.
Citește tot Restrânge

Preț: 50068 lei

Preț vechi: 64328 lei
-22%

Puncte Express: 751

Carte disponibilă

Livrare economică 09-23 mai
Livrare express 28 aprilie-02 mai pentru 9073 lei

 Adaugă în coș

Wish list
Gift list
Am citit!
Adaugă în listă

Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781554811977
ISBN-10: 155481197X
Pagini: 460
Dimensiuni: 165 x 229 x 23 mm
Greutate: 0.74 kg
Ediția:Revised
Editura: BROADVIEW PR
Colecția Broadview Press
Locul publicării:Peterborough, Canada

Recenzii

Critical Thinking is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the essential skills of good reasoning. The authors provide a thorough treatment of such central topics as deductive and inductive reasoning, logical fallacies, how to recognize and avoid ambiguity, and how to distinguish what is relevant from what is not. Later chapters discuss the application of critical thinking skills to particular topics and tasks, including scientific reasoning, moral reasoning, legal reasoning, media analysis, and essay writing. The book also provides complimentary access to a companion website containing additional questions, flashcards, and other useful critical thinking resources.

“This textbook stands out from others for its clarity, which is due in large part to the conceptual organization of the material it covers. Rather than artificially carving out various aspects of critical thinking for individual treatment, the authors simply and carefully develop ideas, step by step. This approach makes clear how various aspects of careful, critical thinking come together, allowing students to develop their skills along the way.” — Joshua Smith, Central Michigan University

“I cannot think of a better introduction to critical thinking that does not compromise philosophical rigor. … Not only does the book offer an excellent introduction to standard elements of critical thinking, it also addresses issues surrounding the media, assessing and organizing argumentative essays, and philosophical puzzles and paradoxes.” — Mahesh Ananth, Indiana University, South Bend
“ … a text which is destined to make a noteworthy contribution to the critical thinking movement.” — David Naugle, Dallas Baptist University

Cuprins

Acknowledgements
Online Materials
PART ONE: INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1: Reasoning and Critical Thinking
  1. Reasoning
  2. The Concept of Logical Strength
  3. Truth, Logical Strength, and Soundness
  4. Critical Thinking Skills
  5. Critical Thinking and the Science of Logic
  6. Self-Test No. 1
  7. Questions for Discussion
PART TWO: MEANING
Chapter 2: Meaning and Definition
  1. The Complexity of Language
  2. The Meaning of Language
    1. The Reference Theory of Meaning
    2. The Idea Theory of Meaning
    3. Meaning as Use
  3. The Main Functions of Language
  4. Self-Test No. 2
  5. Questions for Discussion
  6. Definition
  7. The Purposes of Definition
    1. Reportive Definitions
    2. Stipulative Definitions
    3. Essentialist Definitions
  8. Methods of Definition
    1. Genus-Species Method
    2. Ostensive Method
    3. Synonym Method
    4. Operational Method
    5. Contextual Method
  9. Assessing Reportive Definitions
    1. Too Broad a Definition
    2. Too Narrow a Definition
    3. Too Broad and Too Narrow a Definition
    4. Circular Definition
    5. Obscure Definition
  10. Assessing Stipulative and Essentialist Definitions
  11. A Warning
  12. Self-Test No. 3
  13. Questions for Discussion
Chapter 3: Clarifying Meaning
  1. The Principle of Charity
  2. Linguistic Ambiguity
    1. Ambiguity and Vagueness
    2. Referential Ambiguity
    3. Grammatical Ambiguity
    4. Use and Mention
  3. Self-Test No. 4
  4. Analytic, Contradictory, and Synthetic Statements
  5. Self-Test No. 5
  6. Descriptive and Evaluative Meaning
  7. Self-Test No. 6
  8. Necessary and Sufficient Conditions
  9. Self-Test No. 7
  10. Questions for Discussion
Chapter 4: Reconstructing Arguments
  1. Reconstruction
  2. Missing Premises and Conclusions
  3. Self-Test No. 8
  4. Special Cases
    1. Reports of Arguments
    2. Explanations
  5. Self-Test No. 9
  6. The Structure of Arguments
    1. Simple Arguments
    2. T Arguments
    3. V Arguments
    4. Complex Arguments
  7. Self-Test No. 10
  8. Another Warning
  9. Questions for Discussion
PART THREE: ASSESSING ARGUMENTS
Chapter 5: Strategies for Assessing Arguments
  1. The Fallacies Approach
  2. The Criterial Approach
    1. The Three Criteria of a Sound Argument
  3. Seven Rules for Assessing Arguments
    1. Rule 1: Identify the Main Conclusion
    2. Rule 2: Identify the Premises
    3. Rule 3: Identify the Structure of the Argument
    4. Rule 4: Check the Acceptability of the Premises
    5. Rule 5: Check the Relevance of the Premises
    6. Rule 6: Check the Adequacy of the Premises
    7. Rule 7: Look for Counter-Arguments
Chapter 6: Assessing Truth-Claims
  1. Theories of Truth
    1. The Correspondence Theory
    2. The Coherence Theory
    3. The Pragmatic Theory
  2. Types of Truth-Claims
    1. Empirical Truth-Claims
    2. Non-Empirical Truth-Claims
  3. Acceptability
  4. Self-Test No. 11
  5. Questions for Discussion
  6. Assessing the Acceptability of Premises
  7. Some Particular Fallacies
    1. Begging the Question
    2. Inconsistency
    3. Equivocation
    4. False Dichotomy
  8. Self-Test No. 12
  9. Questions for Discussion
Chapter 7: Assessing Relevance
  1. The Criterion of Relevance
  2. Recognizing Irrelevant Premises
  3. Appeals to Authority (1)
  4. Some Particular Fallacies
    1. Ad Hominem
    2. Tu Quoque
    3. Straw Man
  5. Self-Test No. 13
  6. Questions for Discussion
Chapter 8: Assessing Adequacy
  1. The Criterion of Adequacy
  2. Appeals to Authority (2)
  3. Appeals to Anecdotal Evidence
  4. Appeals to Ignorance
  5. The Slippery Slope Fallacy
  6. Causal Fallacies
    1. Post Hoc
    2. Confusing Cause and Effect
    3. Common Cause
  7. Self-Test No. 14
  8. Questions for Discussion
Chapter 9: Deductive Reasoning
  1. The Nature of Deductive Reasoning
  2. Truth-Functional Statements
  3. Formal Validity and Soundness
  4. Valid Argument Forms
  5. Formal Invalidity
  6. Self-Test No. 15
  7. Questions for Discussion
Chapter 10: Inductive Reasoning
  1. The Nature of Inductive Reasoning
  2. Inductive Generalization
  3. Statistical Syllogism
  4. Induction by Confirmation
  5. Analogical Reasoning
  6. Self-Test No. 16
  7. Questions for Discussion
PART FOUR: APPLICATIONS
Chapter 11: Scientific Reasoning
  1. Causation / Correlation
  2. Mill’s Methods
    1. Method of Agreement
    2. Method of Difference
    3. Joint Method of Agreement and Difference
    4. Method of Concomitant Variations
    5. Method of Residue
  3. Self-Test No. 17
  4. Inference to the Best Explanation
    1. Choosing between Rival Restricted Hypotheses
    2. Choosing between Rival Unrestricted Hypotheses
  5. Case for Discussion: Semmelweis’s Discovery of Antisepsis
Chapter 12: Moral Reasoning
  1. Moral Judgments and Judgments of Taste
  2. Moral Justification
  3. Appeals to Principles of Right and Wrong
  4. Self-Test No. 18
  5. Questions for Discussion
  6. Appeals to Consequences
  7. Self-Test No. 19
  8. Questions for Discussion
  9. Rational Agreement
  10. Moral Maturity
  11. Questions for Discussion
Chapter 13: Legal Reasoning
  1. Criteria and Evidence in Legal Contests
    1. Evidence of Facts, and the Interpretation of Law
    2. Admissible Evidence and the Application of Law
    3. Legal Authority and Legal Procedure
  2. Criminal Adjudication
  3. Self-Test No. 20
  4. Questions for Discussion
  5. Civil Adjudication
  6. Self-Test No. 21
  7. Questions for Discussion
Chapter 14: Arguing Back
  1. Explaining the Weakness
  2. Counter-Examples
  3. Absurd Examples
  4. Counter-Arguments
  5. Self-Test No. 22
  6. Questions for Discussion
Chapter 15: Irrational Techniques of Persuasion
  1. Loaded Terms
  2. Vague Terms
  3. Loaded Questions
  4. False Confidence
  5. Selectivity
  6. Misleading Statistics
  7. Humor
  8. Red Herring
  9. Guilt by Association
  10. Persuasive Redefinition
  11. Self-Test No. 23
  12. Questions for Discussion
Chapter 16: Critiquing the Media
  1. Determining Bias
  2. Is Objective Reporting Possible?
  3. How to Assess News Reports
    1. Assessing Factual Claims
    2. Assessing Interpretive Frameworks
  4. Another Warning
  5. Questions for Discussion
Chapter 17: Writing and Assessing Argumentative Essays
  1. Writing Argumentative Essays: Structure
  2. Writing Argumentative Essays: Style
  3. Assessing Argumentative Essays
    1. First Phase
    2. Second Phase
    3. Third Phase
  4. Assessment of a Sample Argumentative Essay
    1. First Phase
    2. Second Phase
    3. Third Phase
  5. Question for Discussion
Chapter 18: Strategies for Organizing an Argumentative Essay
  1. Advocate’s Strategy
  2. Skeptic’s Strategy
  3. Impartial Adjudicator’s Strategy
  4. Questions for Discussion
Appendix I: Paradoxes and Puzzles
  1. Logical Paradoxes
  2. Puzzles
  3. Solutions to the Puzzles
Appendix II: Answers to Self-Tests
Glossary

Permission Acknowlegments

Index