Coalitional Presidentialism in Comparative Perspective: Minority Presidents in Multiparty Systems de Paul Chaisty

Coalitional Presidentialism in Comparative Perspective: Minority Presidents in Multiparty Systems: Oxford Studies in Democratization

Autor Paul Chaisty, Nic Cheeseman, Timothy J. Power

en Limba Engleză Paperback – 5 mar 2020

Descoperim în această lucrare fundamentală prima analiză comparativă la nivel global a unui fenomen politic tot mai prezent: prezidențialismul de coaliție. Spre deosebire de literatura existentă care tinde să se concentreze pe regiuni izolate, autorii propun un cadru analitic unitar aplicabil regimurilor democratice și hibride din Armenia, Benin, Brazilia, Chile, Ecuador, Kenya, Malawi, Rusia și Ucraina. Remarcăm rigurozitatea cu care sunt examinate strategiile prin care președinții care nu dețin majoritatea legislativă reușesc să guverneze prin construirea unor coaliții trans-partinice.

Această lucrare reprezintă o alternativă necesară la volumul Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America de Scott Mainwaring pentru cursurile de politici comparative. În timp ce studiul lui Mainwaring se limitează la contextul latino-american și la stabilitatea democratică generală, volumul de față aduce un avantaj metodologic prin definirea unei „truse de scule” specifice (legislativă, bugetară, de cabinet și informală) pe care președinții o folosesc pentru managementul coalițiilor. Apreciem utilizarea datelor empirice provenite direct din sondaje realizate în rândul parlamentarilor, ceea ce oferă o perspectivă rară asupra modului în care se negociază sprijinul politic în spatele ușilor închise.

Structura este una academică, dar extrem de clară, balansând între teorie și studii de caz detaliate. Ritmul lecturii este susținut de argumentul central: președinții acționează sub presiunea informației incomplete, încercând să obțină maximum de susținere cu un consum minim de resurse. Este o lectură esențială pentru a înțelege complexitatea guvernării în sistemele multipartid contemporane, unde președintele nu mai este un actor solitar, ci un manager de coaliții.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780198860860
ISBN-10: 0198860862
Pagini: 288
Dimensiuni: 155 x 230 x 16 mm
Greutate: 0.44 kg
Editura: OUP OXFORD
Colecția OUP Oxford
Seria Oxford Studies in Democratization

Locul publicării:Oxford, United Kingdom

De ce să citești această carte

Această carte este indispensabilă pentru studenții și cercetătorii în științe politice care doresc să înțeleagă mecanismele reale ale puterii în sistemele prezidențiale multipartid. Cititorul câștigă un cadru teoretic solid pentru a analiza cum se mențin guvernele de coaliție dincolo de Europa. Este un instrument valoros pentru cei care studiază procesele de democratizare și dinamica dintre executiv și legislativ în regimurile hibride.

Despre autor

Paul Chaisty, Nic Cheeseman și Timothy J. Power sunt cercetători de prestigiu afiliați Universității Oxford, specializați în politică comparată și procese de democratizare. Paul Chaisty este recunoscut pentru studiile sale asupra legislativului rus, în timp ce Nic Cheeseman este un expert de renume în politica africană și democrație. Timothy J. Power s-a remarcat prin analizele sale profunde asupra instituțiilor politice din Brazilia și America Latină. Împreună, cei trei autori combină expertize regionale diverse pentru a oferi o viziune globală asupra guvernării prezidențiale moderne, sub egida editurii OUP Oxford.

Descriere

This book provides the first cross-regional study of an increasingly important form of politics: coalitional presidentialism. Drawing on original research of minority presidents in the democratising and hybrid regimes of Armenia, Benin, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Kenya, Malawi, Russia, and Ukraine, it seeks to understand how presidents who lack single party legislative majorities build and manage cross-party support in legislative assemblies. It develops a framework for analysing this phenomenon, and blends data from MP surveys, detailed case studies, and wider legislative and political contexts, to analyse systematically the tools that presidents deploy to manage their coalitions. The authors focus on five key legislative, cabinet, partisan, budget, and informal (exchange of favours) tools that are utilised by minority presidents. They contend that these constitute the 'toolbox' for coalition management, and argue that minority presidents will act with imperfect or incomplete information to deploy tools that provide the highest return of political support with the lowest expenditure of political capital. In developing this analysis, the book assembles a set of concepts, definitions, indicators, analytical frameworks, and propositions that establish the main parameters of coalitional presidentialism. In this way, Coalitional Presidentialism in Comparative Perspective provides crucial insights into this mode of governance. Oxford Studies in Democratization is a series for scholars and students of comparative politics and related disciplines. Volumes concentrate on the comparative study of the democratization process that accompanied the decline and termination of the cold war. The geographical focus of the series is primarily Latin America, the Caribbean, Southern and Eastern Europe, and relevant experiences in Africa and Asia. The series editor is Laurence Whitehead, Senior Research Fellow, Nuffield College, University of Oxford.

Recenzii

Chaisty, Cheeseman, and Power systematically canvass the tools that minority presidents use to govern. No other work combines this level of insight into comparative constitutional design with such breadth of regional expertise.
In a world of rising political fragmentation, this book is a must-read for understanding minority presidentialism. An important advance in our global understanding of contemporary democracy.
Coalitional Presidentialism sets a new frontier in the study of executive-legislative politics. Chaisty, Cheeseman, and Power systematically analyze how minority presidents use formal legislative powers, the allocation of cabinet portfolios, party politics, budgetary authority, and executive "favors" to build majorities.
Coalitional Presidentialism makes a valuable distinction between the coalitions presidents form at the outset of their presidencies and the subsequent evolution of those coalitions. The authors employ an array of methods, including carefully chosen case studies, to propose broader generalizations that are sensitive to contingency and context.
This impressive book demonstrates the value of research collaboration by consolidating in one place, in one book, many of the most important arguments about comparative presidentialism. Through careful comparative analyses, colourful details, and quotes from numerous interviews with politicians, this book demonstrates that governing presidential systems is not easy anywhere.
...the book presents a major leap forward in research on coalitional presidentialism and comparative studies of presidential politics alike. It presents an excellent and insightful analysis based on an unrivalled breadth and depth of quantitative and qualitative data...Given recent election results in several of the countries covered by this volume, it is clear that coalitional presidentialism is here to stay. As the first crossregional analysis of coalitional presidentialism to date, this book will hence undoubtedly serve as an inspiration and benchmark for future studies of this intriguing phenomenon.

Notă biografică

Paul Chaisty is Associate Professor in Russian Politics at the University of Oxford. His publications include Legislative Politics and Economic Power in Russia (2006), as well as articles in journals such as Europe-Asia Studies, Legislative Studies Quarterly, Party Politics, Political Research Quarterly, Political Studies, Post-Soviet Affairs. His research interests cover legislative, party and interest group politics in the former Soviet Union; political attitudes in Russia and Ukraine; and post-Soviet nationalism. Nic Cheeseman is Professor of Democracy and International Development at Birmingham University. He is the co-editor of the collections Our Turn to Eat (2010), The Handbook of African Politics (2013), and African Politics: Major Works (2016), and the author of Democracy in Africa: Successes, Failures, and the Struggle for Political Reform (CUP, 2015). Dr Cheeseman is also the founding editor of the Oxford Encyclopaedia of African Politics, a former editor of the journal African Affairs, and an advisor to, and writer for, Kofi Annan's African Progress Panel.Timothy J. Power is Associate Professor in Brazilian Studies at the University of Oxford, where he is a member of the Department of Politics and International Relations. An Associate Fellow of Chatham House (Royal Institute of International Affairs), he has published widely on political institutions, democratization, and Brazilian politics and government. He is the author of The Political Right in Postauthoritarian Brazil (2000), and his articles have appeared in the Journal of Politics, Political Research Quarterly, Comparative Political Studies, Legislative Studies Quarterly, Party Politics, Electoral Studies, and many other journals.