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Segmented Representation: Political Party Strategies in Unequal Democracies de Juan Pablo Luna

Segmented Representation: Political Party Strategies in Unequal Democracies: Oxford Studies in Democratization

Autor Juan Pablo Luna
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 17 apr 2014

În cadrul seriei Oxford Studies in Democratization, volumul Segmented Representation semnat de Juan Pablo Luna oferă o perspectivă riguroasă asupra modului în care democrațiile stabile pot coexista cu niveluri extreme de sărăcie. Remarcăm abordarea autorului care depășește definițiile minimaliste ale partidelor politice, concentrându-se pe mecanismele prin care acestea reușesc să mobilizeze segmente electorale divergente.

Analiza se axează pe două studii de caz contrastante: partidul de dreapta UDI din Chile și coaliția de stânga Frente Amplio din Uruguay. Deși ideologic opuse, ambele formațiuni au reușit să armonizeze legăturile cu diverse pături sociale prin ceea ce Juan Pablo Luna numește „reprezentare segmentată”. Această ediție detaliază cum succesul electoral este obținut prin strategii diferențiate, adaptate specificului fiecărui grup de alegători, fapt care, deși eficient în campanii, tinde să consolideze fragmentarea socială.

Această lucrare reprezintă o evoluție teoretică de la temele explorate în Diminished Parties, unde autorul chestiona eșecul reprezentării în democrațiile contemporane. Față de Latin American Politics and Society, care servește drept introducere generală, Segmented Representation este o monografie de cercetare aprofundată, esențială pentru înțelegerea dinamicii puterii în America Latină. Recomandăm acest titlu ca o alternativă la Voice and Inequality de Carew Boulding pentru cursurile de politici comparative; în timp ce Boulding se concentrează pe participarea politică a celor săraci, Luna aduce avantajul unui cadru conceptual nou care explică adaptarea strategică a partidelor la inegalitate.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780199642649
ISBN-10: 0199642648
Pagini: 402
Dimensiuni: 162 x 239 x 29 mm
Greutate: 0.74 kg
Editura: OUP OXFORD
Colecția OUP Oxford
Seria Oxford Studies in Democratization

Locul publicării:Oxford, United Kingdom

De ce să citești această carte

Această carte este indispensabilă cercetătorilor și studenților la științe politice care doresc să înțeleagă de ce democrația nu reușește întotdeauna să reducă inegalitatea economică. Cititorul va câștiga o înțelegere profundă a strategiilor electorale moderne, învățând cum partidele pot câștiga voturi în medii fragmentate fără a aborda neapărat cauzele structurale ale sărăciei.

Despre autor

Juan Pablo Luna este profesor asociat de științe politice la Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. Recunoașterea sa academică a fost consolidată prin premiul Juan Linz pentru cea mai bună disertație, acordat de APSA în 2008, care a stat la baza acestui volum. Opera sa este profund ancorată în realitățile politice ale Americii Latine, explorând teme precum legătura dintre partide și alegători, impactul economiei ilicite asupra politicii în Criminal Politics and Botched Development in Contemporary Latin America și funcționarea sistemelor democratice sub presiunea inegalității.

Descriere

Millions of enfranchised people live in abject poverty in democracies around the world. Yet in representative democracies, the success or failure of political parties rests on their ability to effectively engage voters. In today's highly unequal and individualized societies, the diversity of voters along socioeconomic, religious, and other lines presents an obstacle for parties vying for electoral success. How, then, can widespread, crushing poverty still exist in stable democracies, if every citizen has a vote? Two wildly different parties, Chile's right-wing UDI and Uruguay's left-wing Frente Amplio, have achieved stunning victories in this supposedly inhospitable political landscape. They have done so by simultaneously segmenting and strategically harmonizing their linkages to distinct cross-sections of voters in each society. While that electoral strategy makes for a winning hand for parties in fragmented modern societies, it perpetuates the gross inequalities that characterize the social, political, and economic landscapes of the developing democratic world. This book develops a new analytical and conceptual framework to unveil and explain segmented representation, revealing new implications for democratic societies.Oxford Studies in Democratization is a series for scholars and students of comparative politics and related disciplines. Volumes concentrate on the comparative study of the democratization process that accompanied the decline and termination of the cold war. The geographical focus of the series is primarily Latin America, the Caribbean, Southern and Eastern Europe, and relevant experiences in Africa and Asia. The series editor is Laurence Whitehead, Official Fellow, Nuffield College, University of Oxford.

Recenzii

This is a path-breaking study of democratic representation in highly unequal societies. Juan Pablo Luna convincingly demonstrates that segmented societies create both incentives and opportunities for political parties'-on both the left and the right-to use different types of electoral appeals to attract distinct groups of voters. Drawing from survey data and field research in Chile and Uruguay, Luna shows how parties craft electoral strategies that combine programmatic, clientelistic, and personalistic linkages to voters, allowing them to generate support among heterogeneous but socially segmented constituencies. The result is a masterful analysis of how inequality structures democratic representation-and, ultimately, how democracy can reproduce social inequality.
High levels of income inequality pose a challenge to politicians. They need to keep the rich happy to keep investment and donations flowing and the poor happy to secure their votes. How do politicians and parties reconcile the demands of these different constituencies in the most unequal part of the world? In this pathbreaking study, Luna suggests that they simultaneously deliver policies to the rich and pork to the poor. He supports his argument with rich empirical work drawn from the experiences of two new Latin American democracies, Chile and Uruguay, as well as other cases from the region and India. This book will be a must-read for students of representation, electoral behavior and political parties in established as well as new democracies, and will also prove invaluable to practitioners of approaches to empirical research that draw on mixed-methods.
Segmented Representation is one of one of the most important books on Latin American parties to be published in decades. Drawing on painstaking research in Chile and Uruguay, Luna shows that the kinds of programmatic appeal made by parties in advanced industrialized (and often taken for granted in theories of party behavior) are less viable in highly unequal societies, and that successful parties must make segmented appeals to diverse--even seemingly opposed--constituencies. The concept of segmented linkages will diffuse widely among scholars. Lunas work helps us understand why parties operate differently in a context of extreme inequality, while at the same time showing how segmented linkages work to reinforce existing inequalities. The book will make a major contribution to the study of political parties, not only in Latin America but throughout the developing world.

Notă biografică

Juan Pablo Luna Farina is interested in the analysis of political parties and democratic representation, the political effects of inequality, and the nature of state institutions. In 2010 he co-authored the book Latin American Party Systems (Cambridge University Press). His dissertation research was awarded the 2008 Juan Linz Best Dissertation Award by the Comparative Democratization Section of APSA. His work has appeared in Comparative Political Studies, Política y Gobierno, Revista de Ciencia Política, Latin American Politics and Society, International Political Science Review, Third World Quarterly, Journal of Latin American Studies, the Journal of Democracy, Perfiles Latinoamericanos, and Democratization. He has held visiting positions at Princeton University (2008), Brown University (2011), and Harvard University (2013). He is Associate Professor, Instituto de Ciencia Política, PUC-Chile.