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Building State Capability: Evidence, Analysis, Action de Matt Andrews

Building State Capability: Evidence, Analysis, Action

Autor Matt Andrews, Lant Pritchett, Michael Woolcock
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 26 ian 2017

Notăm cu interes o lacună persistentă în literatura academică dedicată politicilor de dezvoltare: discrepanța majoră între adoptarea formală a reformelor și capacitatea administrativă reală de a le implementa. Deși guvernele din țările în curs de dezvoltare bifează adesea obiectivele instituționale cerute de partenerii internaționali, rezultatele concrete în educație sau infrastructură rămân precare. Building State Capability se adresează direct acestei slăbiciuni, oferind un cadru analitic pentru ceea ce autorii numesc „capcanele capacității”.

Găsim în această lucrare o critică riguroasă a „mimetismului izomorf” — procesul prin care statele copiază soluții considerate „best practice” din exterior pentru a câștiga legitimitate, fără a genera însă funcționalitate internă. Volumul se distinge printr-o structură orientată spre acțiune, propunând procesul PDIA (Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation). Această metodologie permite funcționarilor publici să identifice soluții locale adaptate contextului, în loc să aplice modele importate care eșuează sub povara unei sarcini instituționale premature.

Din punct de vedere al curriculumului, considerăm volumul o alternativă practică la Challenges to State Policy Capacity pentru cursurile de politici publice și guvernanță centrală. În timp ce lucrarea lui M. Painter se concentrează pe provocările globalizării asupra capacității statale, Matt Andrews, Lant Pritchett și Michael Woolcock aduc avantajul unor instrumente de lucru concrete, susținute de 25 de tabele și 27 de figuri explicative. Cartea rafinează tezele expuse de Andrews în The Limits of Institutional Reform in Development, evoluând de la critica eșecului reformelor semnalate spre un ghid metodologic riguros. Tonul este unul precis, tehnic, evitând jargonul inutil în favoarea unei analize bazate pe dovezi.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780198747482
ISBN-10: 0198747489
Pagini: 276
Ilustrații: 27 Figures, 25 Tables, 6 Boxes
Dimensiuni: 175 x 240 x 23 mm
Greutate: 0.55 kg
Editura: OUP OXFORD
Colecția OUP Oxford
Locul publicării:Oxford, United Kingdom

De ce să citești această carte

Recomandăm această carte profesioniștilor din administrația publică și studenților la științe politice care caută să înțeleagă de ce reformele instituționale eșuează în ciuda resurselor investite. Cititorul câștigă acces la metodologia PDIA, un instrument esențial pentru a depăși capcanele birocratice și a crea politici cu impact real. Este un ghid pragmatic care transformă analiza teoretică în pași de acțiune pentru consolidarea capacității statului.

Despre autor

Matt Andrews este cercetător în cadrul Center for International Development de la Harvard's Kennedy School și la Center for Global Development din Washington, DC. Expertiza sa este fundamentată pe o vastă activitate de cercetare publicată în jurnale de prestigiu precum Public Administration Review și Governance. Înainte de activitatea academică la Harvard, a deținut funcția de vicepreședinte al International Consortium on Governmental Financial Management, oferind consultanță liderilor guvernamentali în probleme de management financiar. Lucrările sale se concentrează pe limitele reformelor instituționale și pe dezvoltarea unor mecanisme de guvernare eficiente în statele emergente.

Descriere

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Governments play a major role in the development process, and constantly introduce reforms and policies to achieve developmental objectives. Many of these interventions have limited impact, however; schools get built but children don't learn, IT systems are introduced but not used, plans are written but not implemented. These achievement deficiencies reveal gaps in capabilities, and weaknesses in the process of building state capability. This book addresses these weaknesses and gaps. It starts by providing evidence of the capability shortfalls that currently exist in many countries, showing that many governments lack basic capacities even after decades of reforms and capacity building efforts. The book then analyses this evidence, identifying capability traps that hold many governments back - particularly related to isomorphic mimicry (where governments copy best practice solutions from other countries that make them look more capable even if they are not more capable) and premature load bearing (where governments adopt new mechanisms that they cannot actually make work, given weak extant capacities). The book then describes a process that governments can use to escape these capability traps. Called PDIA (problem driven iterative adaptation), this process empowers people working in governments to find and fit solutions to the problems they face. The discussion about this process is structured in a practical manner so that readers can actually apply tools and ideas to the capability challenges they face in their own contexts. These applications will help readers devise policies and reforms that have more impact than those of the past.

Recenzii

Building State Capability provides anyone interested in promoting development with practical advice on how to proceed--not by copying imported theoretical models, but through an iterative learning process that takes into account the messy reality of the society in question. The authors draw on their collective years of real-world experience as well as abundant data and get to what is truly the essence of the development problem.
Feedback from course participants using material from Building State Capability:
The course was terrific from both a theoretical and practical standpoint. I was amazed about how accurately the issues addressed in the course related to my day-to-day experiences working in development. In fact, I have incorporated many of the ideas taught in this course in my own development work!
The PDIA course has been for me the learning highlight of this year. The course has given me the knowledge of a process and tools that I was looking since traditional approaches to projects with best practices from elsewhere, solution-based, blueprint-based, with fixed plan, aiming always at system change, etc. do not work in most cases. I have now a set of steps and, more importantly, questions that can guide me in the work with colleagues and partners to understand the context in which we try to introduce change, identify concrete problems that people want to solve, and try to solve them, one at a time.
As a Project Manager and Solutions Consultant in Nigeria, taking [the PDIA course] opened paths to new possibilities for finding and fitting solutions that are based on specific contexts and current realities, by working with clients, communities and policy drivers. At the heart of these possibilities is the realization that no matter what the problem is or how complex it seems, we can start acting immediately. Most importantly, the interactions with peers and access to a growing PDIA Community of Practice provide unlimited potential for the future.
Though not everyone will embrace the PDIA approach, everyone should read this book. It is the clearest articulation following in the traditions of Dewey, Lindblom, and other skeptics of synoptic public policy and management of a pragmatic method of development and public management.

Notă biografică

Matt Andrews is Associate Professor of Public Policy. His research focuses on public sector reform, particularly budgeting and financial management reform, and participatory governance in developing and transitional governments. Recent articles focus on forging a theoretical understanding of the nontechnical factors influencing success in reform processes. Specific emphasis lies on the informal institutional context of reform, as well as leadership structures within government-wide networks. This research developed out of his work in the provincial government of Kwa-Zulu Natal in South Africa and more recently from his tenure as a Public Sector Specialist working in the Europe and Central Asia Region of the World Bank. He brings this experience to courses on public management and development. He holds a BCom (Hons) degree from the University of Natal, Durban (South Africa), an MSc from the University of London, and a PhD in Public Administration from the Maxwell School, Syracuse University.Lant Pritchett is Professor of the Practice of International Development at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. In addition, he is a Senior Fellow of the Center for Global Development. He was co-editor of the Journal of Development Economics and worked as a consultant to Google.org. He has held a number of positions at the World Bank and has been part of the team who produce many World Bank reports, including: World Development Report 1994; Assessing Aid: What Works, What Doesn't and Why (1998); Better Health Systems for India's Poor (2003); World Development Report 2004; and Economic Growth in the 1990s (2005). In addition he has authored and co-authored over 50 papers that have been published in refereed journals and edited volumes. In 2006 he published his first single-authored book, Let Their People Come, and in 2013 his second, The Rebirth of Education: Schooling Ain't Learning. Michael Woolcock is Lead Social Development Specialist in the World Bank's Development Research Group. He is also a (part-time) Lecturer in Public Policy at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government. His current research focuses on strategies for enhancing state capability for implementation, on crafting more effective interaction between informal and formal justice systems, and on using mixed methods to assess 'complex' development interventions. In addition to more than 50 journal articles and book chapters, he is the co-author or co-editor of seven books, including Contesting Development: Participatory Projects and Local Conflict Dynamics in Indonesia (with P. Barron and R. Diprose; Yale University Press 2011), which was a co-recipient of the best book prize by the American Sociological Association's section on international development. He has served for many years on the World Bank's Social Development Board and co-founded the Justice for the Poor program.