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Beyond Collective Action Problems: Perceived Fairness and Sustained Cooperation in Farmer Managed Irrigation Systems in Nepal de Atul Pokharel

Beyond Collective Action Problems: Perceived Fairness and Sustained Cooperation in Farmer Managed Irrigation Systems in Nepal: Modern South Asia

Autor Atul Pokharel
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 19 iun 2024

În literatura academică dedicată guvernării resurselor comune, accentul a căzut istoric pe mecanismele inițiale de cooperare și pe depășirea barierelor de acțiune colectivă. Totuși, rămânea o lacună semnificativă în înțelegerea modului în care aceste sisteme supraviețuiesc sau se degradează pe parcursul deceniilor, dincolo de faza de organizare primară. În Beyond Collective Action Problems, Atul Pokharel propune o schimbare de paradigmă: sustenabilitatea nu depinde doar de reguli stricte, ci de percepția subiectivă a echității.

Observăm că autorul revizitează 233 de sisteme de irigații din Nepal, aceleași cazuri care au fundamentat teoriile anterioare despre acțiunea colectivă, oferind acum o perspectivă longitudinală asupra a 40 de ani de istorie locală. Ne-a atras atenția modul în care Pokharel structurează argumentația: pe măsură ce indivizii colaborează mai mult timp, ei devin tot mai conștienți de discrepanțele dintre promisiunea inițială de echitate și realitatea distribuției resurselor. Această conștientizare determină direct gradul de implicare în întreținerea infrastructurii.

Cititorii familiarizați cu Village Republics de Robert Wade vor aprecia modul în care acest volum aduce un strat nou de complexitate psihologică și sociologică studiului bunurilor comune. În timp ce Wade se concentra pe motivele pentru care oamenii aleg să colaboreze, Pokharel analizează ce îi face să continue să o facă atunci când sistemul îmbătrânește. Este o completare teoretică esențială pentru oricine studiază politicile comparative sau guvernarea comunitară, oferind un model analitic pentru „problemele de echitate” care pot submina chiar și cele mai robuste instituții.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780197755792
ISBN-10: 0197755798
Pagini: 320
Ilustrații: 13 b/w figures
Dimensiuni: 196 x 160 x 38 mm
Greutate: 0.59 kg
Editura: Oxford University Press
Colecția OUP USA
Seria Modern South Asia

Locul publicării:New York, United States

De ce să citești această carte

Această lucrare este esențială pentru cercetătorii în științe politice și politici publice care doresc să înțeleagă longevitatea instituțiilor. Cititorul câștigă un cadru teoretic nou pentru a evalua sustenabilitatea infrastructurii partajate, învățând de ce percepția de corectitudine este la fel de critică precum eficiența tehnică. Este o resursă valoroasă pentru cursuri universitare de politici comparative și dezvoltare internațională.

Despre autor

Atul Pokharel este un cercetător axat pe guvernarea resurselor și cooperarea comunitară, contribuind semnificativ la înțelegerea modului în care societățile gestionează infrastructura vitală. Prin munca sa, Pokharel explorează intersecția dintre politicile publice și sociologia rurală, cu un interes specific pentru regiunea Asiei de Sud. Volumul de față, publicat de Oxford University Press, reflectă rigoarea sa analitică și capacitatea de a sintetiza date empirice colectate pe parcursul mai multor decenii, consolidându-i poziția în cadrul dezbaterilor academice inițiate de școala de economie politică din Bloomington.

Descriere

Human history is full of examples of continuously maintained shared infrastructure. Our ability to survive and prosper depends on cooperation at some level, from the irrigation systems that enabled ancient humans to abandon their nomadic lifestyle to the free and open-source software that undergirds the internet. Thus, understanding the conditions under which community governance can be both equitable and sustainable is of critical importance to scholars and policymakers alike.In Beyond Collective Action Problems, Atul Pokharel argues that sustained cooperation depends on user perceptions that the cooperative arrangement is fair. Pokharel elaborates a different way to think about sustained cooperation over decades, based on a follow-up of 233 long-running community managed irrigation systems in Nepal--the same cases that were used to understand how groups can overcome collective action problems. Covering nearly forty years of history through these cases, Pokharel introduces the idea of fairness problems to capture the many forms in which the perceived fairness of a form of governance comes to matter to continued cooperation. As he shows, the longer individuals cooperate, the more they become aware of how far their cooperative arrangement has diverged from the initial promise of fairness. This perception of fairness affects their commitment to maintaining the shared resource and participating in the institutions for governing it.Highlighting why eventually perceived fairness matters to sustained cooperation, this book illustrates how the fairness problem underlies successful cooperation over time, making it necessary to look beyond collective action problems.

Recenzii

Nobel prize winning Elinor Ostrom's study of farmer-managed irrigation systems in Nepal was the foundation of her famous theory of governance of the commons. With Ostrom's blessings and data, Atul Pokharel, whose own family played a pivotal role in these successful community-managed irrigation systems returns to them to compare how they have fared three decades later. What emerges is a gem of a book, a rare large scale, temporal study of shared resource management, as painstakingly researched as it is powerfully argued. A magisterial multi-methods research design allows Pokharel to develop a sophisticated theoretical framework that centers a novel factor-famers' perceptions of fairness. Pokharel's remarkable work is essential, accessible reading for scholars and practitioners of development alike.
Climate change has pushed us into a world where survival can depend on solving collective action problems. Atul Pokharel revisits Elinor Ostrom's classic study of collective action to explore why cooperation can fail
Beyond Collective Action Problems is a major new contribution to our understanding of how societies resolve governance problems in the presence of externalities. Drawing on rich evidence from the experience of Nepali farmers in managing an important common pool resource for their livelihoods, Atul Pokharel argues that existing theories of how societies resolve collective action problems have missed a key element: the concern for fairness. When individuals believe that the governance system is fair, they are more likely to behave cooperatively, and the system survives in a self-sustaining fashion. The opposite is true when individuals believe the system is unfair. Pokharel develops a pathbreaking theory of unfairness aversion to explain these differences in behavior. The book is a must read for students across all of the behavioral sciences.
Atul Pokharel has shown once again that irrigation management is an ideal arena in which to study and understand collective action as a generic problem. The costs and benefits are very tangible, as is their distribution. His analysis with a time perspective of more than 30 years, combining quantitative and qualitative data, shows that sustained cooperation is a more significant phenomenon than just 'collective action' which formal game theory has usually framed as a one-off decision. Pokharel's focus on perceived fairness as a determining factor is consistent with my own experience introducing participatory irrigation management in Sri Lanka, Nepal and other countries. He elaborates usefully on Elinor Ostrom's consideration of equity, something that social scientists have mostly paid little attention to.
For scholars as well as practitioners who care about community management of physical infrastructure, this book demonstrates, conclusively, that a sense of fairness in the way organizations operate is the key to their performance. This book takes forward the research by Elinor Ostrom, a Nobel Laureate in Economics, to a new height by showing that only community based organizations that distribute work load and resources fairly are sustainable in the long run. A must read for Political Economists and development planners who seek institutional understanding of success in developmental outcomes.
This pathbreaking, empirically grounded analysis of sustained cooperation makes a major contribution to public policy, economic development, and planning. Pokharel extends Ostrom's seminal research by showing how considerations of justice rival those of rationality for cooperation to endure.
Brilliant! Pokharel challenges the prevailing focus on the collective action problem in understanding sustained cooperation. A fresh perspective centered on the fairness question, the book provides valuable implications for scholars and policymakers interested in cooperation across diverse domains, from irrigation projects to free and open-source software. By transcending the notion of relying solely on local actions, this book offers a paradigm-shifting understanding of sustained cooperation, emphasizing the pivotal role of fairness as the solution.
Atul Pokharel has given us a fresh approach to a bundle of vexing societal problems: cooperation, fairness, and governmental roles in promoting the public interest. The prose is engaging, the insights are profound, and the implications will ripple across a wide variety of communities of scholars and practitioners, from irrigation and farming to cities and digital infrastructure.

Notă biografică

Atul Pokharel, currently at Yale University, was an Assistant Professor at the NYU Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service. He studies the political economy of infrastructure governance, and the community maintenance of shared physical and digital resources. His areas of expertise include Urban Governance, International Development Planning, and Political Economy. He focuses on the role of fairness in the community maintenance of infrastructure commons. His research interests include free and open-source software, and the "greening" of transportation systems in global cities. He was a postdoctoral fellow at the Thomas J. Watson Institute of International and Public Affairs at Brown University and holds a Ph.D. in Urban Studies and Planning from MIT as well as a Bachelor's degree in Mathematics from Princeton University with a minor in Applied and Computational Mathematics.