With continued pro-active government policies, adequate advanced planning, scientifically designed production technologies, sound management and the increasingly important world demand for aquaculture products, aquaculture in China can be and is likely to be productively stable, sustainable and competitive both domestically and internationally. There are valuable lessons which can be learnt from the Chinese experience. This report analyses the reasons and factors, including the role of public sector policies, behind aquaculture development in China. The aim is to understand the future of this development and to make the Chinese experience available to the rest of the world, especially developing countries as they strive to develop the sector as a part of their efforts to achieve food security and economic growth.