Water which has been used for various domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes, and is not suitable for human consumption is termed as wastewater. Metals, plastics and human excreta are some of the common water pollutants. The processes used to remove these contaminants from water so that it can be returned to the water cycle with minimum environmental impact are studied under the discipline of wastewater treatment. Water treatment techniques include grit removal, settling, aeration, filtration, disinfection, and sludge treatment. Some of the different types of wastewater treatment plants are sewage treatment plants, Leachate treatment plants and agricultural wastewater treatment plants. This book attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under the discipline of wastewater evaluation and management and how such concepts have practical applications. It elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary manner. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.