This book describes the impact that can be had on treatments in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, etc.) The impact that COVID-19 has had on a large number of patients treated and a large demand for these techniques. This book describes these treatment options and how they should be applied to avoid inducing damage or injury associated with the patient, a concept that has been called "patient self-inflicted lung injury". This book discusses its importance in the prognosis and mortality of patients.