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Using Critical Theory: How to Read and Write About Literature

Autor Lois Tyson
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 26 mar 2026
Explaining both why theory is important and how to use it, Lois Tyson introduces new students of literature to this often-daunting field in a friendly and readable style. The new edition of this textbook is clearly structured, with chapters based on major theories commonly covered in courses on literature and on critical theory.
Key features include:
•   coverage of major theories including reader-response theory, New Criticism (formalism), psychoanalysis, Marxism, feminism, lesbian/gay/queer theories, African American theory, and postcolonial theory;
•   practical demonstrations of how to use these theories to interpret short literary works selected from canonical authors including William Faulkner and Alice Walker;
•   a chapter on reader-response theory that shows students how to use their personal responses to literature while avoiding typical pitfalls;
•   sections on cultural criticism for each chapter that use our selected theories to interpret productions of popular culture; and
•   sections on environmental issues (ecocriticism) for introductory and closing chapters as well as in the chapters on psychoanalysis, Marxism, feminism, lesbian/gay/queer theories, African American theory, and postcolonial theory.
This new edition also includes updated and expanded theoretical vocabulary, basic concepts, and suggestions for further study as well as an expanded next-steps appendix that suggests additional literary works for extra practice. Comprehensive, easy to use, and fully updated throughout, Using Critical Theory is the ideal starting point for students beginning degrees in literature, composition, and cultural studies.
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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781041122180
ISBN-10: 1041122187
Pagini: 400
Dimensiuni: 152 x 229 mm
Ediția:4. Auflage
Editura: Taylor & Francis
Colecția Routledge
Locul publicării:Oxford, United Kingdom

Public țintă

Undergraduate Advanced and Undergraduate Core

Notă biografică

Lois Tyson is Professor Emerita of English at Grand Valley State University, USA. She is the author of Critical Theory Today: A User-Friendly Guide (4th edition, 2023).

Cuprins

1 Critical theory, cultural criticism, and the environment
What is critical theory, and what does it have to do with me?
Critical theory and cultural criticism
Critical theory and the environment
    The basic principles of ecocriticism
    An ecocritical reading of “I started Early—Took my Dog”
    An ecocritical reading of “A White Heron”
    An ecocritical reading of “Some keep the Sabbath going to Church”
Three questions about interpretation most students ask
    My interpretation is my opinion, so how can it be wrong?
    Do authos deliberately use concepts from critical theories when they write literary works?
    How can we interpret a literary work without knowing what the author intended the work to mean?
Why feeling confused can be a good sign
Suggestions for further study
2 Using concepts from reader-response theory to understand our own literary interpretations
Why should we learn about reader-response theory?
Response vehicles
    Identification-with-a-character
    The familiar character
    The familiar plot event
    The familiar setting
Response exercise
    Identification-with-a-character exercise
    Familiar-character exercise
    Familiar-plot-event exercise
How our personal responses can help or hinder interpretation
   The "symbolic leap"
    The difference between representing and endorsing human behavior
Using our personal responses to generate paper topics
Food for further thought
    Thinking it over
    Reader-response theory and cultural criticism
Taking the next step
Questions for further practice
Suggestions for further study
3 Using concepts from New Critical theory to understand literature
Why should we learn about New Critical theory?
Basic concepts
    Theme
    Formal elements
    Unity
    Close reading and textual evidence
Interpretation exercises
    Appreciating the importance of tradition: Interpreting “Everyday Use”
    Recognizing the presence of death: Interpreting “A Rose for Emily”
    Understanding the power of alienation: Interpreting “The Battle Royal”
    Respecting the importance of nonconformity: Interpreting “Don’t Explain”
    Responding to the challenge of the unknown: Interpreting “I started Early—Took my Dog”
Food for further thought
    Thinking it over
    The limitations of New Critical theory for cultural criticism
Taking the next step
Questions for further practice
Suggestions for further study
4 Using concepts from psychoanalytic theory to understand literature
Why should we learn about psychoanalytic theory?
Basic concepts
    The family
    Repression and the unconscious
    The defenses
    Core issues
    The meaning of death
    The meaning of sexuality
    Superego, id, ego
    Dream symbolism
Interpretation exercises
    Analyzing characters’ dysfunctional behavior: Interpreting “Everyday Use”
    Exploring a character’s insanity: Interpreting “A Rose for Emily”
    Understanding dream images in literature: Interpreting “I started Early—Took my Dog”
    Recognizing a character’s self-healing: Interpreting “Don’t Explain”
    Using psychoanalytic concepts in service of other theories: Interpreting “The Battle Royal”
Food for further thought
    Thinking it over
    Psychoanalytic theory and cultural criticism
    A cultural analysis of Pretty Woman from a psychoanalytic perspective
Taking the next step
Questions for further practice
Suggestions for further study
5 Using concepts from Marxist theory to understand literature
Why should we learn about Marxist theory?
Basic concepts
    Classism
    Capitalism
    Competition
    Commodification
    The American Dream
    Rugged individualism
    Consumerism
    The role of religion
Interpretation exercises
    Understanding the operations of capitalism: Interpreting “Everyday Use”
    Recognizing the operations of the American Dream: Interpreting “The Battle Royal”
    Analyzing the operations of classism: Interpreting“A Rose for Emily”
    Resisting classism: Interpreting “Don’t Explain”
    Learning when not to use Marxist concepts: Resisting the temptation to interpret “I started Early—Took my Dog”
Food for further thought
    Thinking it over
    Marxist theory and cultural criticism
Taking the next step
Questions for further practice
Suggestions for further study
6 Using concepts from feminist theory to understand literature
Why should we learn about feminist theory?
Basic concepts
    Patriarchy
    Traditional gender roles
    The cult of “true womanhood”
    The objectification of women: “good girls” and “bad girls”
    Sexism
    Everyday sexism
    Phallocentrism and phallogocentrism
    Intersectionality
    White feminism
    Multicultural feminism
    The four waves of feminism
Interpretation exercises
    Rejecting the objectification of women: Interpreting “The Battle Royal”
    Resisting patriarchal ideology: Interpreting “Don’t Explain”
    Recognizing a conflicted attitude toward patriarchy: Interpreting “Everyday Use”
    Analyzing a sexist text: Interpreting “A Rose for Emily”
    Understanding patriarchy’s psychological oppression of women: Interpreting “I started Early—Took my Dog”
Food for further thought
    Thinking it over
    Feminist theory and cultural criticism
    Feminist theory and the environment
Taking the next step
Questions for further practice
Suggestions for further study
7 Using concepts from lesbian, gay, and queer theories to understand literature
Why should we learn about lesbian, gay, and queer theories?
Basic concepts
    Heteronormativity
    Heterosexism and heteropatriarchy
    Homophobia and lesbophobia
    Bisexual people, monosexism, and biphobia
    Nonbinary people
    Transgender people and the prefix cis                   
    Transphobia
    Queerphobia
    Homosocial bonding
    The woman-identified woman
    Homoerotic imagery
    Queer theory
Interpretation exercises
    Rejecting lesbian stereotypes: Interpreting “Don’t Explain”
    Analyzing homophobia: Interpreting “The Battle Royal”
    Recognizing the woman-identified woman in a heterosexual text: Interpreting “Everyday Use”
    Using queer theory: Interpreting “A Rose for Emily”
    Drawing upon context: Interpreting “I started Early—Took my Dog”
Food for further thought
    Thinking it over
    Lesbian, gay, and queer theories and cultural criticism
    Queer theory and the environment
Taking the next step
Questions for further practice
Suggestions for further study
8 Using concepts from African American theory to understand literature
Why should we learn about African American theory?
Basic concepts
    African American culture and the African American literary tradition
    Racism
    Institutionalized racism (systemic racism)
    Environmental racism
    Everyday racism (casual racism)
    Internalized racism
    Intraracial racism (colorism)
    White privilege
    Double consciousness
Interpretation exercises
    Analyzing the overt operations of institutionalized racism: Interpreting “The Battle Royal”
    Recognizing the “less visible” operations of institutionalized racism: Interpreting “Don’t Explain”
    Understanding the operations of internalized racism: Interpreting “Everyday Use”
    Exploring the function of black characters in white literature: Interpreting “A Rose for Emily”
    Learning when not to use African American concepts: Resisting the temptation to interpret “I started Early—Took my Dog”
Food for further thought
    Thinking it over
    African American theory and cultural criticism
    African American theory and the environment
Taking the next step
Questions for further practice
Suggestions for further study
9 Using concepts from postcolonial theory to understand literature
Why should we learn about postcolonial theory?
Basic concepts
    Colonialist ideology
    Othering
    Subalterns
    The dominant culture
    The colonial subject
    Mimicry
    Unhomeliness
    Hybridity
    Anticolonialist resistance
Interpretation exercises
    Understanding colonialist ideology: Interpreting “The Battle Royal”
    Analyzing the colonial subject: Interpreting “Everyday Use”
    Exploring the influence of cultural stereotypes: Interpreting “A Rose for Emily”
    Appreciating anticolonialist resistance: Interpreting “Don’t Explain”
    Recognizing the othering of nature: Interpreting “I started Early—Took my Dog”
Food for further thought
    Thinking it over
    Postcolonial theory and cultural criticism
    Postcolonial theory and the environment
Taking the next step
Questions for further practice
Suggestions for further study
10 Holding on to what you’ve learned
A shorthand overview of our critical theories
A shorthand overview of our literary interpretation exercises
    “Everyday Use”
    “The Battle Royal”
    “A Rose for Emily”
    “Don’t Explain”
    “I started Early—Took my Dog”
A shorthand overview of our sample readings
   Pretty Woman
   Waiting to Exhale
   Philadelphia
   “Opie’s Girlfriend”
   “The Brother of the Bride”
   “A White Heron”
   “Some keep the Sabbath going to Church”
   “I started Early—Took my Dog”
   “Queer Earth”
   “Greeting from the Moon, the Sacrificial Side”
   “Map”
A shorthand overview of the range of perspectives offered by each theory
    Reader-response concepts
    New Critical concepts
    Psychoanalytic concepts
    Marxist concepts
    Feminist concepts
    Lesbian, gay, and queer concepts
    African American concepts
    Postcolonial concepts
Critical theory and cultural criticism revisited
    Television game shows
    A situation comedy
Critical theory and the environment revisited
Critical theory and an ethics for a diverse world
Appendix A: “I started Early—Took my Dog” (Emily Dickinson, c. 1862)
Appendix B: “A White Heron” (Sarah Orne Jewett, 1886)
Appendix C: “A Rose for Emily” (William Faulkner, 1931)
Appendix D: “The Battle Royal” (Ralph Ellison, 1952)
Appendix E: “Everyday Use” (Alice Walker, 1973)
Appendix F: “Don’t Explain” (Jewelle Gomez, 1987)
Appendix G: Additional literary works for further practice
Index

Descriere

Lois Tyson introduces beginning students of literature to this often daunting field in a friendly and readable style. The new edition of this textbook is clearly structured with chapters based on major theories frequently covered both in courses on literature and on critical theory.