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Uncertainty: How It Makes Science Advance de Kostas Kampourakis

Uncertainty: How It Makes Science Advance

Autor Kostas Kampourakis, Kevin McCain
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 3 dec 2019

Scrisă de Kostas Kampourakis, cercetător la Universitatea din Geneva, și Kevin McCain, volumul Uncertainty abordează una dintre cele mai mari provocări ale comunicării științifice contemporane: percepția publică a incertitudinii. Autorii, experți în filozofia și istoria științei, fundamentează lucrarea pe ideea că natura autocorectoare a cercetării nu este un defect, ci tocmai sursa solidității cunoașterii umane. Apreciem rigoarea cu care aceștia demontează argumentele nefondate ale negaționiștilor schimbărilor climatice sau ale mișcărilor anti-vaccinare, care folosesc adesea detaliile tehnice incerte pentru a submina consensul general.

Structura volumului propune un contrast revelator. În timp ce în dezbaterile despre evoluție incertitudinea este exagerată pentru a crea îndoială, în domenii precum medicina legală sau testarea genetică, aceasta este frecvent trecută cu vederea, ceea ce poate duce la erori de interpretare cu impact social major. Ritmul argumentației este unul analitic, dar accesibil, oferind cititorului instrumentele necesare pentru a înțelege de ce incertitudinea motivează cercetarea suplimentară și nu devalorizează rezultatele obținute.

Cititorii familiarizați cu The Cunning of Uncertainty de Helga Nowotny vor aprecia modul în care acest volum trece de la observația sociologică la o analiză filozofică și psihologică aplicată pe cazuri concrete. Uncertainty se poziționează ca o continuare firească a preocupărilor lui Kampourakis din Understanding Evolution și Trusting Science, rafinând discuția despre cum este predată și înțeleasă știința în spațiul public. Credem că această ediție publicată de Oxford University Press este esențială pentru recalibrarea așteptărilor noastre față de certitudinea științifică, propunând o acceptare matură a limitelor cunoașterii.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780190871666
ISBN-10: 0190871660
Pagini: 272
Dimensiuni: 188 x 130 x 5 mm
Greutate: 0.7 kg
Editura: Oxford University Press
Colecția OUP USA
Locul publicării:New York, United States

De ce să citești această carte

Această carte este o resursă valoroasă pentru oricine dorește să înțeleagă mecanismele din spatele progresului științific. Cititorul câștigă o perspectivă critică asupra modului în care incertitudinea este manipulată în discursul public și învață să recunoască valoarea cercetării continue. Este o recomandare excelentă pentru studenți, profesori și pasionați de epistemologie care vor să navigheze mai bine prin fluxul de informații contradictorii din societatea actuală.

Despre autor

Kostas Kampourakis este un cercetător proeminent la Universitatea din Geneva, unde coordonează proiecte axate pe educația în domeniul geneticii și pe înțelegerea publică a științei. Interesele sale de cercetare se situează la intersecția dintre biologia evoluționistă, istoria științei și filozofie. Prin lucrările sale, precum Understanding Evolution și Ancestry Reimagined, Kampourakis explorează obstacolele conceptuale care împiedică publicul larg să asimileze corect conceptele științifice complexe, fiind un susținător activ al îmbunătățirii modului în care știința este predată în școli.

Descriere

Scientific knowledge is the most solid and robust kind of knowledge that humans have because of the self-correcting character inherent in its own processes. Nevertheless, anti-evolutionists, climate denialists, and anti-vaxxers, among others, question some of the best-established scientific findings, making claims that are unsupported by empirical evidence. A common aspect of these claims is the reference to the uncertainties in these areas of research, which leads to the conclusion that science is uncertain about evolution, climate change, and vaccination, among others. The truth of the matter is that while the broad picture is clear, there exist--and will always exist--uncertainties about the details of the respective phenomena. In this book Kampourakis and McCain show that uncertainty is an inherent feature of science that does not devalue it. In contrast, uncertainty actually makes science advance because it motivates further research.The first book of its kind, Uncertainty draws on philosophy of science to explain what uncertainty in science is and how it makes science advance. It contrasts evolution, climate change, and vaccination, where the uncertainties are exaggerated, to genetic testing and forensic science where the uncertainties are usually overlooked. Kampourakis and McCain discuss the scientific, psychological, and philosophical aspects of uncertainty in order to explain what it is really about, what kind of problems it actually poses, and why it ultimately makes science advance. Contrary to the public representations of scientific findings and conclusions that produce an intuitive but distorted view of science as certain, we need to understand and learn to live with uncertainty in science.

Recenzii

The concept of uncertainty affords an excellent subject, as all scientific endeavors begin with an attempt to eliminate uncertainty through non-scientific trials. There would be no need to explore things scientifically if certainty existed. This book also examines the psychology of uncertainty. The authors consider numerous significant domains, e.g., climate, vaccination, genetic testing and others, pointing out that science thrives on uncertainty.
Accepting the ubiquity of uncertainty in science is a start, but learning how to not let uncertainty get in the way of understanding is the critical next step. This book emphasises that latter goal in a way that can inform both students and their instructors. The book makes a rigorous effort to define what it terms 'genuine' scientific understanding and to contrast that effortful, evidence-based end-point with the kind of common-sense, perceived understanding that we embrace in our day-to-day lives. All told, though.... an excellent and readable treatment of uncertainty. It offers a good starting point for scholars who seek an introduction to the concept, and it should find its way onto reading lists in courses from communication to the sciences.
This book provides a conceptual framework for uncertainty, shows how uncertainty is endemic to science, and explains for nonscientists how to better understand both science and uncertainty. Written by a science education researcher, and a philospher of science, it is impressively accessible and competent about the conduct and content of actual science. I heartily recommend it.
Through case studies that include climate science, vaccination, and human evolution, Kampourakis and McCain emphasize not only why uncertainty is inherent to the continual advancement of science, but also how a misunderstanding of this fact is repeatedly used by special interests to mislead the public. With quotations from an impressively wide range of sources - from philosophers to outstanding scientists - this short book will motivate its readers to think deeply about what is meant by 'scientific understanding', as well as to explore the valuable references that are cited, many of which they would otherwise miss.
Kampourakis and McCain have produced a provocative book of enumerable insights. They have navigated skillfully through a bramble bush of prickly problems and come out of it with a coherent analysis of science that elevates the concept of "uncertainty" without diminishing the standing of science. As one trained in and familiar with the scholarship of philosophy of science, I appreciated every line of inquiry and every argument in the book. To me it brings together philosophy of science, social psychology and the social studies of science in a way that explains human behavior and irrational skepticism towards strongly supported scientific claims.
This is a wonderfully clear and engaging book on a very important and topical issue: How can science contribute to solving the problems society faces today? The cases are well chosen and the philosophical chapters do a great job in synthesizing many insights from recent philosophy of science into a coherent whole. The book succeeds admirably in showing the societal relevance of philosophical reflection on science.
The authors integrate ideas from scientists working in a variety of disciplines including physics, cognitive science, philosophy, and mathematics and present them in a lucid manner that makes it easy for the lay reader to grasp the essence of their messages.
They eloquently highlight the critical role of uncertainty in advancing science, which can be nicely applied to the challenges and progresses we have seen during the pandemic. Importantly, this book emphasizes why we as the general public should learn how to appreciate uncertainty as a resource to advance science understanding, as scientists do.
Kostas Kampourakis and Kevin McCain's Uncertainty-How it Makes Science Advance has the merit of taking a complex philosophical topic-i.e., how scientific practice and knowledge relate to epistemic and psychological uncertainty- and make it accessible to the general public. It also has the virtue of reminding us philosophers of science that our abstract discussions, when contextualized and approached in the right way, can be extremely relevant for social concerns. What this book offers to the reader is a clear, illustrative guide for understanding that there's knowledge, understanding, and rationality in science even in the absence of certainty-and, to an extent, precisely because of it.

Notă biografică

Kostas Kampourakis is the author and editor of several books about evolution, genetics, philosophy, and history of science. From 2015 to 2019 he was the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Science & Education. He is currently a researcher at the University of Geneva, where he also teaches at the Section of Biology and the University Institute for Teacher Education (http://kampourakis.com)Kevin McCain is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. His research is primarily focused on epistemology and philosophy of science, particularly where the two intersect. He is a series editor for Routledge Studies in Epistemology and the author of numerous works in epistemology and philosophy of science.