Erik Waaler takes an intertextual approach to the relationship between Jewish monotheism and Pauline Christology, focusing on Paul's Christological reuse of Shema in 1Cor 8:1-6. V.4 is considered to echo Shema, the 1st and 2nd Commandments. This fits with Paul's constant use of Deuteronomy in 1Cor 5-10. Combined phrases such as "one God the Father and one Lord Jesus Christ" have no parallels in non-Christian 1st century Judaism. As the Jews, Paul uses the one God phrase as arguments for unity, albeit in the Church. Paul echoes the OT description of God as Father and Creator, Rock and Savior, opposed to idolatry; including Jesus as one Lord, partaking in Gods acts. Both Shema and 1Cor 8:1-3 speak of love directed at God. Additionally, Paul applies the divine title Rock to Jesus. Thus Paul sustains a high Christology by his contextual and binitarian rereading of Shema.