The Pyloric Sphincteric Cylinder in Health and Disease

1 Introduction.- 2 Some Uncertain Concepts.- 3 The Walls of the Stomach and Duodenum.- 4 The Submucous Coat.- 5 The Mucous Membrane or Mucosa.- 6 Electrical Potential Difference at the Gastroduodenal Mucosal Junction.- 7 Arteries, Veins, Lymphatics.- 8 Nerves.- 9 Regulatory Peptides.- 10 Ultrasonography of Normal Anatomy.- 11 Anatomy of the Pyloric Ring.- 12 The Pylorus at Rest: Open or Closed?.- 13 Radiographic Examination of Normal Motility.- 14 The Pylorus at Gastroscopy.- 15 Manometry at the Gastroduodenal Junction.- 16 Myoelectric Activity at the Gastroduodenal Junction.- 17 Ultrasonography of Pyloric Motility and Gastric Emptying.- 18 Radionuclides in the Investigation of Gastric Emptying.- 19 Gastric Tone and the Pyloric Sphincteric Cylinder.- 20 Pylorospasm.- 21 Congenital Anomalies.- 22 Partial or Intramural Gastric Diverticulum.- 23 Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis.- 24 Adult Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis.- 25 Focal Hypertrophy and Focal Spasm of the Pyloric Musculature in Adults.- 26 Nausea, Retching and Vomiting.- 27 Duodenogastric Reflux.- 28 Gastritis and Erosions in the Pyloric Sphincteric Cylinder.- 29 Gastric Ulceration and the Pyloric Sphincteric Cylinder.- 30 Duodenal Ulceration and the Pyloric Sphincteric Cylinder.- 31 Pyloroduodenal Fistula or Acquired Double Pylorus.- 32 Hiatus Hernia and the Pyloric Sphincteric Cylinder.- 33 Pyloric Carcinoma.- 34 Malignant Lymphoma.- 35 Malignancy at the Gastro-oesophageal Junction.- 36 Sessile Polyps in the Sphincteric Cylinder.- 37 Diabetes Mellitus.- 38 Prolapse of Gastric Mucosa into the Duodenum.- 39 Acid Corrosive Injuries and the Pyloric Sphincteric Cylinder.