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The Muslim Secular: Parity and the Politics of India's Partition de Amar Sohal

The Muslim Secular: Parity and the Politics of India's Partition: Oxford Historical Monographs

Autor Amar Sohal
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 31 aug 2023

Găsim în această carte o reconstrucție riguroasă a gândirii politice musulmane din Asia de Sud, concentrată pe studiile de caz ale unor lideri marcanți precum Abul Kalam Azad, Sheikh Abdullah și Abdul Ghaffar Khan. Autorul analizează modul în care acești actori politici au propus o alternativă la naționalismul religios, pledând pentru o secularitate care nu exclude religia din spațiul public, ci o utilizează ca fundament pentru pluralismul democratic. The Muslim Secular explorează tensiunea dintre majoritate și minoritate în perioada decolonizării, oferind o perspectivă nuanțată asupra modului în care identitatea musulmană a fost articulată în interiorul naționalismului indian, refuzând separarea suverană cerută de Liga Musulmană.

Elementul distinctiv al volumului este introducerea conceptului de „egalitate-ca-paritate”. Amar Sohal demonstrează cum acești gânditori au respins egalitatea liberală abstractă — pe care o considerau vulnerabilă în fața asimilării majoritare — și au înlocuit-o cu o viziune ce recunoaște simultan trăsăturile comune și distincțiile dintre comunități. Cititorii familiarizați cu Muslims against the Muslim League de Ali Usman Qasmi vor aprecia modul în care acest volum adâncește analiza opoziției musulmane față de proiectul Pakistanului, oferind o bază teoretică solidă pentru înțelegerea suveranității populare și a federației.

Publicată în prestigioasa serie Oxford Historical Monographs, lucrarea se distinge prin rigoarea academică și prin utilizarea unui spectru larg de concepte, de la autonomia teologică la diversitatea lingvistică. Recomandăm acest titlu pentru modul în care recalibrează istoria intelectuală a Indiei, demonstrând că secularismul indian nu a fost doar o creație a elitei hinduse, ci și un proiect asumat și modelat activ de intelectualitatea musulmană.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780198887638
ISBN-10: 0198887639
Pagini: 352
Dimensiuni: 140 x 225 x 25 mm
Greutate: 0.53 kg
Editura: OUP OXFORD
Colecția OUP Oxford
Seria Oxford Historical Monographs

Locul publicării:Oxford, United Kingdom

De ce să citești această carte

Recomandăm această carte cercetătorilor și studenților la istorie sau științe politice interesați de dinamica minorităților în statele postcoloniale. Cititorul câștigă o înțelegere profundă a modului în care Islamul a fost folosit pentru a susține un stat secular unitar, oferind un motiv concret de a reevalua ideea de egalitate într-o societate pluralistă, dincolo de modelele occidentale clasice.

Despre autor

Amar Sohal este un istoric specializat în istoria intelectuală a Asiei de Sud moderne. Cercetările sale se concentrează pe intersecția dintre religie, naționalism și secularism în contextul decolonizării Indiei. Prin volumul de față, publicat sub egida OUP Oxford, Sohal contribuie la literatura de specialitate privind secularismul indian, aducând în prim-plan voci politice musulmane care au propus soluții federale și democratice inovatoare pentru provocările demografice și religioase ale secolului XX.

Descriere

Concerned with the fate of the minority in the age of the nation-state, Muslim political thought in modern South Asia has often been associated with religious nationalism and the creation of Pakistan. The Muslim Secular complicates that story by reconstructing the ideas of three prominent thinker-actors of the Indian freedom struggle: the Indian National Congress leader Abul Kalam Azad, the popular Kashmiri politician Sheikh Abdullah, and the nonviolent Pashtun activist Abdul Ghaffar Khan. Revising the common view that they were mere acolytes of their celebrated Hindu colleagues M.K. Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, this book argues that these three men collectively produced a distinct Muslim secularity from within the grander family of secular Indian nationalism; an intellectual tradition that has retained religion within the public space while nevertheless preventing it from defining either national membership or the state. At a time when many across the decolonising world believed that identity-based majorities and minorities were incompatible and had to be separated out into sovereign equals, Azad, Abdullah, and Ghaffar Khan thought differently about the problem of religious pluralism in a postcolonial democracy. The minority, they contended, could conceive of the majority not just as an antagonistic entity that is set against it, but to which it can belong and uniquely complete. Premising its claim to a single, united India upon the universalism of Islam, champions of the Muslim secular mobilised notions of federation and popular sovereignty to replace older monarchical and communitarian forms of power. But to finally jettison the demographic inequality between Hindus and Muslims, these thinkers redefined equality itself. Rejecting its liberal definition for being too abstract and thus prone to majoritarian assimilation, they replaced it with their own rendition of Indian parity to simultaneously evoke commonality and distinction between Hindu and Muslim peers. Azad, Abdullah, and Ghaffar Khan achieved this by deploying a range of concepts from profane inheritance and theological autonomy to linguistic diversity and ethical pledges. Retaining their Muslimness and Indian nationality in full, this crowning notion of equality-as-parity challenged both Gandhi and Nehru's abstractions and Mohammad Ali Jinnah's supposedly dangerous demand for Pakistan.

Recenzii

Meticulously researched, intricately argued, and elegantly written. This is a splendid and original contribution to the understanding of the intellectual foundations of Indian nationalism.
A trail blazing account that promises to rewrite the story of India's Partition. Sohal's masterful study of the 'Muslim secular' sheds light on a compelling yet little known 'third way' to Indian nationalism. Crafted in opposition to the harsh binaries of 'secular' and 'communal' nationalisms, it offered a majestic vision of India, inspired by the universalist claims of Islam, as a shared cultural space where Hindus and Muslims were equally valued as the makers of an Indian nation and architects of a future Indian republic.
Amar Sohal displaces the accusation-popular and scholarly-that Muslim politics, nationalist or otherwise, was a series of bargains driven by interest. In this well-argued account matched by rigorous evidence, Sohal centrally places the arguments and ideas of Muslim leaders and thinkers who enabled and strengthened Indian nationalism and secularism. This is a major tribute to both the power of political ideas and indeed, to the now forgotten or deliberately misunderstood Muslim thinkers who laid the foundations of the Indian Republic. An essential book for our contemporary times and a valuable and original addition to the growing scholarship on the vibrant if young field of Indian political thought.
Sohal studies the political ideas of three leading Muslim nationalists - Abul Kalam Azad, Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah and Abdul Ghaffar Khan - which he feels have been ignored by historians. These men, who all came from Muslim majority areas of British India, drew confidence from the sheer numbers of Muslims in the subcontinent both to oppose the separatism of Jinnah's All-India Muslim League and to support the drive to establish a secular Indian republic. This is a deeply learned book, which embraces many Muslim voices in addition to the main three. It would always be a major intervention in Indian political thought, but is particularly so now when Hindu nationalism has established an unprecedented hegemony in India.
The Muslim Secular stands out as a seminal work that transcends traditional historiography. Sohal's narrative is not only informative but also reflective, inviting readers to engage deeply with the complexities of India's political trajectory.
The Muslim Secular is an extremely resourceful, well-argued research work that is going to provoke a great deal of discussion, especially in India.
This volume is a revised version of the author's 2019 dissertation. Recommended.
This book makes a serious contribution to the great Indian debate on secularism, at least in two ways. First, it underlines the distinctiveness of Indian secularism, one of the most original intellectual political formulations in the postcolonial period....Second and importantly, the book is deeply invested in what political theorist Sudipta Kaviraj calls the languages of secularity in India. The author systematically investigates those crucial intellectual-political trajectories that deal with India-specific secular concerns. In this sense, an attempt is made to redefine secularism as a public virtue...The Muslim Secular is a fascinating attempt to remind us of the political values of modern Muslim secular ideas.
Amar Sohal's The Muslim Secular makes a powerful intervention in Indian political thought, especially in the body of literature known as Indian secularism.

Notă biografică

An intellectual historian of modern India and Pakistan, Amar Sohal completed his DPhil in History at Merton College, Oxford. Now an Early-Career Research Fellow in Politics and International Studies at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, his research focuses on anti-colonial nationalism, religious politics, and the secular state. His writing has been published in leading academic journals: Modern Intellectual History, Global Intellectual History, and South Asia. He has also scripted and presented an hour-long documentary titled Azad and Jinnah: A Political Rivalry in Late Colonial India. He tweets @sohalamarsingh